Method for removing intact cells from a surgical site
A surgical treatment apparatus comprises a waterjet configured to fragment tissue and provide intact cells such as stem cells with the fragmented tissue. The intact cells can be used in one or more of many ways such as for genetic or other testing. In many embodiments, the intact cells comprise stem cells. In many embodiments, a waterjet is configured to fragment tissue. The fragmented tissue can be collected with a filter having pores sized smaller than the tissue fragments. In many embodiments cavitation with a waterjet is used to fragment the tissue comprising the intact stem cells. The waterjet may comprise a waterjet immersed in a liquid comprising water so as to form a plurality of shedding pulses. The plurality of shedding pulses can be generated with a frequency sufficient to fragment the tissue. The shedding pulses can generate cavitations that fragment the tissue.
1. A method for removing intact cells from a surgical site of a patient, the method comprising:
inserting a probe coupled to a nozzle into the surgical site;
providing, by operating a pump at a first frequency and through the nozzle coupled to the probe, a continuous fluid stream through the nozzle that generates a plurality of shedding pulses comprising cavitations outside the nozzle, the plurality of shedding pulses outside the nozzle having a second frequency greater than the first frequency of the pump;
resecting, with the plurality of shedding pulses comprising cavitations, tissue to create fragmented tissue comprising the intact cells;
providing one or more filters to receive the fragmented tissue comprising the intact cells; and
receiving, into the one or more filters, the fragmented tissue comprising the intact cells.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nozzle comprises an area of reduced diameter corresponding to a diameter of the continuous fluid stream released from the nozzle and wherein the nozzle is configured to dissociate the tissue into the fragmented tissue having dimensions sized larger than the reduced diameter.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nozzle and a port are arranged to provide a slurry to the port, the slurry comprising the fragmented tissue and fluid of the continuous fluid stream.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising fragmenting the tissue with the cavitations of the shedding pulses.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising immersing the nozzle in a liquid in order to generate the plurality of shedding pulses while the nozzle is immersed in the liquid.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing a closed surgical site within the patient with the nozzle.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the continuous fluid stream is generated by a first channel extending from a fluid source to the nozzle and a second channel extending from a port toward the one or more filters.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the continuous fluid stream is generated by the pump connected to the first channel and providing a first flow rate of an injected fluid.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising activating a second pump connected to the second channel to remove the fragmented tissue and the injected fluid at a second flow rate, wherein the first flow rate is similar to the second flow rate.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising decreasing changes to a volume of a closed surgical site within the patient by providing a channel between a fluid reservoir and the surgical site in order to accommodate differences between the first flow rate and the second flow rate.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the continuous fluid stream comprises one or more of a liquid or a gas.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the continuous fluid stream comprises a liquid stream, the liquid stream comprising one or more of water or saline.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein resecting tissue comprises resecting tissue of a glandular tissue of an organ.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein a flow rate is within a range from 10 ml/min to 500 ml/min.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein an internal nozzle diameter is within a range from 50 um to 250 um.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising rotating the nozzle around an elongate axis of the probe at a rate of from 10 degrees per second to 2000 degrees per second.
17. The method of claim 2 , further comprising moving the nozzle along an elongate axis of the probe at a longitudinal velocity within a range from 0.01 mm/second to 50 mm/second.
18. The method of claim 2 , wherein a time of a treatment with the continuous fluid stream is within a range from 0.1 minutes to 60 minutes.
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising rotating the probe about an elongate axis of the probe within a range from 0 to 360 degrees.