STAIN-PROOF BASE MATERIAL

1 . A method for producing an article comprising a substrate and a surface-treating layer formed from a surface-treating agent containing a fluorine-containing silane compound formed thereon, the method comprising:

simultaneously depositing Si and another metal on the substrate to form an intermediate layer containing a composite oxide containing Si; and

forming a surface-treating layer directly on the intermediate layer,

wherein,

the fluorine-containing silane compound is at least one fluoropolyether group-containing compound represented by the following formula (1) or (2):

R F1 α —X A —R Si β   (1)

R Si γ —X A —R F2 —X A —R Si γ   (2)

wherein

R F1 is each independently at each occurrence Rf 1 —R F —O q —;

R F2 is —Rf 2 p —R F —O q —;

Rf 1 is each independently at each occurrence a C 1-16 alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms;

Rf 2 is a C 1-6 alkylene group optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms;

R F is each independently at each occurrence a divalent fluoropolyether group;

p is 0 or 1;

q is each independently at each occurrence 0 or 1;

R Si is each independently at each occurrence a hydroxyl group, a hydrolyzable group, or a monovalent group containing a Si atom to which a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group is bonded;

at least one R Si is a monovalent group containing a Si atom to which a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group is bonded;

X A is each independently a single bond or a di- to decavalent organic group;

α is an integer of 1 to 9;

β is an integer of 1 to 9; and

γ is each independently an integer of 1 to 9.

2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the another metal is one or more atoms selected from transition metals of Groups 3 to 11 and typical metal elements of Groups 12 to 15 of the periodic table.

3 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the another metal is one or more atoms selected from Ta, Nb, Zr, Mo, W, Cr, Hf, Al, Ti, and V.

4 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein in the composite oxide, a molar ratio of Si to the another metal is 10:90 to 99.9:0.1.

5 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein in the composite oxide, a molar ratio of Si to the another metal is 13:87 to 93:7.

6 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein in the composite oxide, a molar ratio of Si to the another metal is 45:55 to 75:25.

7 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composite oxide is a composite oxide of Si and Ta or a composite oxide of Si and Nb.

8 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of Si to the another metal in intermediate layer at 0.1 nm to 10 nm from the outermost surface close to the surface-treating layer is 10:90 to 99.9:0.1.

9 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein R F is each independently at each occurrence a group represented by formula:

—(OC 6 F 12 ) a —(OCSF 10 ) b —(OC 4 F 8 ) c —(OC 3 R Fa 6 ) d —(OC 2 F 4 ) e —(OCF 2 ) f —

wherein R Fa is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom; and

a, b, c, d, e and f are each independently an integer of 0 to 200, the sum of a, b, c, d, e and f is 1 or more, and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units enclosed in parentheses provided with a, b, c, d, e or f is not limited in the formula.

10 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein R Fa is a fluorine atom.

11 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein R F is each independently at each occurrence a group represented by the following formula (f1), (f2) or (f3):

—(OC 3 F 6 ) d —  (f1)

wherein d is an integer of 1 to 200;

—(OC 4 F 8 ) c —(OC 3 F 6 ) d —(OC 2 F 4 ) e —(OCF 2 ) f —  (f2)

wherein c and d are each independently an integer of 0 to 30;

e and f are each independently an integer of 1 to 200;

the sum of c, d, e, and f is an integer of 10 to 200; and

the occurrence order of the respective repeating units enclosed in parentheses provided with a subscript c, d, e, or f is not limited in the formula; and

—(R 6 —R 7 ) g —  (f3)

wherein R 6 is OCF 2 or OC 2 F 4 ;

R 7 is a group selected from OC 2 F 4 , OC 3 F 6 , OC 4 F 8 , OC 5 F 10 , and OC 6 F 12 , or is a combination of two or three groups selected from these groups; and

g is an integer of 2 to 100.

12 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein R Si is a group represented by the following formula (S1), (S2), (S3), or (S4):

wherein

R 11 is each independently at each occurrence a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R 12 is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group;

n1 is an integer of 0 to 3 each independently in each (SiR 11 n1 R 12 3−n1 ) unit;

X 11 is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group;

R 13 is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group;

t is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 2 to 10;

R 14 is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom;

R a1 is each independently at each occurrence —Z 1 —SiR 21 p1 R 22 q1 R 23 r1 ;

Z 1 is each independently at each occurrence an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group;

R 21 is each independently at each occurrence —Z 1′ —SiR 21′ p1′ R 22′ q1′ R 23′ r1′ ;

R 22 is each independently at each occurrence a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R 23 is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group;

p1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

q1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

r1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

Z 1′ is each independently at each occurrence an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group;

R 21′ is each independently at each occurrence —Z 1″ —SiR 22″ q1″ R 23″ r1″ ;

R 22′ is each independently at each occurrence a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R 23′ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group;

p1′ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

q1′ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

r1′ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

Z 1″ is each independently at each occurrence an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group;

R 22″ is each independently at each occurrence a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R 23″ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group;

q1″ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

r1″ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

R b1 is each independently at each occurrence a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R c1 is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group;

k1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

l1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

m1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

R d1 is each independently at each occurrence —Z 2 —CR 31 p2 R 32 q2 R 33 r2 ;

Z 2 is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group;

R 3 1 is each independently at each occurrence —Z 2′ —CR 32′ q2′ R 33′ r2′ ;

R 32 is each independently at each occurrence —Z 3 —SiR 34 n2 R 35 3−n2 ;

R 33 is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group;

p2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

q2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

r2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

Z 2′ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group;

R 32′ is each independently at each occurrence —Z 3 —SiR 34 n2 R 35 3−n2 ;

R 33′ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group;

q2′ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

r2′ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

Z 3 is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group;

R 34 is each independently at each occurrence a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R 35 is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group;

n2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

R e1 is each independently at each occurrence —Z 3 —SiR 34 n2 R 35 3−n2 ;

Rf 1 is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group;

k2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

l2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3; and

m2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3.

13 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein α, β, and γ are 1.

14 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein X A is each independently a trivalent organic group;

α is 1 and β is 2, or α is 2 and β is 1; and

γ is 2.

15 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a glass substrate.