METHOD FOR SIGNAL SELECTION AND SIGNAL SELECTION APPARATUS
A method for signal selection for a flight system having an aircraft, and having a signal selection apparatus that receives first and second control signals, wherein at least the first or the second control signal is dependent on a remote control input from a pilot and/or an autopilot, and uses an analysis logic circuit to ascertain a piece of first reliability information for the first control signal and a piece of second reliability information for the second control signal. In step A, a system state of the aircraft is ascertained based on at least a piece of state information and/or a piece of mission information of the aircraft; in step B, an automated, formal decision logic circuit is used to take the first and second reliability information and the system state and a control hierarchy as a basis for prioritizing the first or second control signal; in step C, either the first or second control signal is output in the form of a prioritized control signal.
1 . A method for signal selection for a flight system ( 23 ) having an aircraft ( 1 ), and having a signal selection apparatus ( 2 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 56 ), the method comprising:
the signal selection apparatus ( 2 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 56 ) receiving at least a first control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ) and a second control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ), using an analysis logic circuit ( 16 ) to ascertain a piece of first reliability information ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ) for the first control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ) and a piece of second reliability information ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ) for the second control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ),
at least one of the first or the second control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ) being dependent on a remote control input ( 9 ) from at least one of a pilot or an autopilot outside the aircraft and, in a method step A, ascertaining a system state of the aircraft ( 1 ) based on at least one of a piece of state information ( 11 ) or a piece of mission information ( 11 ) of the aircraft ( 1 );
in a method step B, using an automated, decision logic circuit ( 21 ) to take the first and the second reliability information ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ) and the system state and a control hierarchy ( 22 ) as a basis for prioritizing the first or the second control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 );
and, in a method step C, outputting the prioritized control signal ( 13 , 40 , 46 , 48 ).
2 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first or the second reliability information ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ) is ascertained in each case using probabilistic or formal methods, using at least one of Bayesian filters or temporal logic circuits.
3 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the state information ( 11 ) or the mission information ( 11 ) of the aircraft ( 1 ) is conveyed by a runtime monitoring system ( 12 ) in method step A.
4 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the control hierarchy is selected from a multiplicity of control hierarchies in a database ( 22 ) based on at least one of the system state or the first and the second reliability information ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ).
5 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the method for signal selection is carried out as a spatially distributed selection method, with at least one of decentralized control preselection or decentralized signal processing based on spatially distributed subsystems ( 50 , 51 , 52 ).
6 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the method for signal selection is carried out as a cascaded method, wherein the signal selection apparatus ( 2 , 39 , 45 , 47 ) at least one of receives at least the first or the second control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ) from a subordinate signal selection apparatus ( 39 , 45 ) or outputs the prioritized control signal ( 13 , 40 , 46 , 48 ) to a superordinate signal selection apparatus ( 47 , 56 ).
7 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising, in a method step D, the aircraft receiving the prioritized control signal ( 13 , 40 , 46 , 48 ) and using the prioritized control signal ( 13 , 40 , 46 , 48 ) as a basis for autonomously changing over between at least a first and a second operating state ( 28 , 29 , 30 ).
8 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the signal selection apparatus sending at least the received first control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ) and the received second control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ), the ascertained reliability information ( 17 , 18 ), the system state and the prioritized control signal ( 13 , 40 , 46 ) with at least one of a respective associated timestamp or a piece of event information to a flight recorder ( 15 ) in the method step C.
9 . A signal selection apparatus for a flight system ( 23 ) including an aircraft ( 1 ), the signal selection apparatus ( 2 , 39 , 45 , 47 ) comprising:
a processor configured to:
(a) receive a first control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ) and a second control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ), and including an implemented analysis logic circuit ( 16 ) configured to ascertain a piece of first reliability information ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ) for the first control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ) and to ascertain a piece of second reliability information ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ) for the second control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ),
(b) receive at least the first or the second control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ) from a remote control input ( 9 ) from at least one of a pilot or an autopilot,
(c) ascertain a system state of the aircraft ( 1 ) based on at least one of a piece of state information ( 11 ) or a piece of mission information ( 11 ) of the aircraft ( 1 ), and
an implemented decision logic circuit ( 21 ), executable in automated fashion, configured to prioritize the first or the second control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ) based on the first and the second reliability information ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ) and the system state and a control hierarchy, and
the processor being further configured to output the prioritized control signal ( 13 , 40 , 46 ) by a protocol-based data link ( 34 ).
10 . The signal selection apparatus ( 2 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 56 ) as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the analysis logic circuit ( 16 ) is a probabilistic logic circuit, including at least one of a Bayesian filter or a temporal logic circuit, and is configured to ascertain at least the first or the second reliability information ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ).
11 . The signal selection apparatus ( 2 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 56 ) as claimed in claim 9 , further comprising a runtime monitoring system ( 12 ) configured to monitor signals in order to capture at least one of a piece of state information ( 11 ) or a piece of mission information of the aircraft.
12 . The signal selection apparatus ( 2 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 56 ) as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the signal selection apparatus ( 2 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 56 ) is connected to a database ( 22 ) in order to select the control hierarchy from a multiplicity of control hierarchies based on at least one of the system state or the first and the second reliability information ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ).
13 . The signal selection apparatus ( 2 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 56 ) as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the signal selection apparatus ( 2 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 56 ) at least one of comprises at least one of spatially distributed or cascaded subsystems ( 50 , 51 , 52 ), is connected to a subordinate signal selection apparatus ( 51 , 52 ) for signaling purposes in order to receive at least the first or the second control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ), or is connected to a superordinate signal selection apparatus ( 47 , 50 ) for signaling purposes in order to output the prioritized control signal ( 13 , 40 , 46 ).
14 . An aircraft ( 1 ), comprising:
a controller ( 14 ) configured to receive at least one external control signal ( 13 , 40 , 46 , 48 ), and
a signal selection apparatus as claimed in claim 9 .
15 . The aircraft as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the aircraft ( 1 ) is a vertical takeoff and landing aircraft.
16 . The aircraft as claimed in claim 14 , further comprising a flight recorder ( 15 ) that is connected to at least one of the controller ( 14 ) or to the signal selection apparatus ( 2 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 56 ) for signaling purposes and the flight recorder ( 14 ) is configured to store at least one of the first and second control signals ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ) or the prioritized control signal ( 13 , 40 , 46 , 48 ), the reliability information ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ) and the system state with at least one of a respective associated timestamp or a piece of event information.
17 . A ground station ( 10 , 24 , 26 ) comprising;
a control apparatus for remote control of an aircraft ( 1 ), wherein the control apparatus is configured to output a remote control input ( 9 ) from at least one of a human pilot or an autopilot to a signal selection apparatus ( 2 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 56 ) in the form of a first or a second control signal ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 ), and
the signal selection apparatus ( 2 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 56 ) as claimed in claim 9 .
18 . A flight system, comprising a manned or unmanned aircraft ( 1 ), having a controller ( 14 ), the signal selection apparatus ( 2 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 56 ) as claimed in claim 9 , and at least one ground station ( 10 , 24 , 26 ), wherein the controller ( 14 ) of the aircraft ( 1 ) is connected to at least the signal selection apparatus ( 2 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 56 ) for signaling purposes and the ground station ( 10 , 24 , 26 ) is connected to at least the signal selection apparatus ( 2 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 50 ) for signaling purposes.