Distributed calculation of beamforming parameters for phased arrays
Systems and methods for operating a phased array are described. In an example, a system may convert a desired beam direction of a desired beam into at least one phase slope parameter. The phased array may include a plurality of antennas connected to a plurality of front-end circuits of a beam forming circuit, and each antenna may be connected to a respective front-end circuit. For each antenna among the plurality of antennas, the system may determine a phase shift parameter of the antenna based on the at least one phase slope parameter and a physical location of the antenna. For each antenna among the plurality of antennas, the system may map the determined phase shift parameter of the antenna to control settings for a front-end circuit connected to the antenna.
1. A method for operating a phased array, the method comprising:
converting, by a processor of a wireless communication device, a desired beam direction of a desired beam into a first phase slope parameter and a second phase slope parameter corresponding to the desired beam, the phased array comprising a plurality of antennas connected to a plurality of front-end circuits of a beam forming circuit of the wireless communication device, each antenna being connected to a respective front-end circuit, wherein the first phase slope parameter and the second phase slope parameter corresponding to the desired beam depend on a beam angle of the desired beam, a wavelength of the desired beam and minimum unit spacing between the plurality of antennas;
determining, by the beam forming circuit, a plurality of phase shift parameters for the plurality of antennas based on the first and second phase slope parameters corresponding to the desired beam and physical locations of the plurality of antennas, wherein the plurality of phase shift parameters are different from the first and second phase slope parameters corresponding to the desired beam, a number of phase shift parameters is equivalent to a number of antennas, and a phase shift parameter for an antenna represents a phase shift required for the antenna to contribute to forming the desired beam;
searching, by the beam forming circuit, in a mapping table to identify a plurality of control settings that are mapped to the plurality of phase shift parameters, wherein an identified control setting mapped to a phase shift parameter for an antenna comprises a phase shifter setting and a gain control circuit setting for the antenna, the phase shifter setting for the antenna is different from the phase shift parameter of the antenna, and the phase shifter setting for the antenna causes the antenna to perform an actual phase shift according to the phase shifter setting in the identified control setting, and a number of control settings being identified is equivalent to the number of phase shift parameters;
distributing, by the beam forming circuit, the plurality of control settings mapped to the plurality of phase shift parameters from the mapping table to the plurality of front-end circuits; and
configuring, by the plurality of front-end circuits, the phased array using the plurality of control settings mapped to the plurality of phase shift parameters to cause the phased array to form the desired beam having the desired beam direction.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
configuring the plurality of front-end circuits using a combination of different phase shifter settings from the mapping table to cause the phased array to form the desired beam having the desired beam direction.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mapping table is stored in a memory device connected to the plurality of front-end circuits.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the mapping table comprises a plurality of lookup tables, and each one of the plurality of lookup tables stores different values of phase shifter settings for the plurality of front-end circuits; and
the method further comprising configuring the plurality of front-end circuits using a combination of different phase shifter settings from the plurality of lookup tables to cause the phased array to form the desired beam having the desired beam direction, wherein each phase shifter setting among the combination of different phase shifter settings is from a corresponding mapping table.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of lookup tables are stored in a plurality of memory devices connected to the plurality of front-end circuits.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting the desired beam direction into the first and second phase slope parameters comprises:
converting the desired beam direction into the first phase slope parameter based on the beam angle of the desired beam, the wavelength of the desired beam, and minimum unit spacing between the plurality of antennas in a first direction of a two-dimensional plane; and
converting the desired beam direction into the second phase slope parameter based on the beam angle of the desired beam, the wavelength of the desired beam, and a minimum unit spacing between the plurality of antennas in a second direction of the two-dimensional plane.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein searching in the mapping table comprises using at least one mapping table that stores different values of phase shifter settings for the plurality of front-end circuits, and a number of entries in each one of the at least one mapping table is less than a number of possible beam directions of beams being formed by the phased array.
8. A system comprising:
a processor;
a beam forming circuit connected to the processor, the beam forming circuit comprising a plurality of front-end circuits;
a phased array including a plurality of antennas connected to the plurality of front-end circuits of the beam forming circuit;
the processor being configured to:
convert a desired beam direction of a desired beam into a first phase slope parameter and a second phase slope parameter corresponding to the desired beam, wherein the first phase slope parameter and the second phase slope parameter corresponding to the desired beam depend on a beam angle of the desired beam, a wavelength of the desired beam and minimum unit spacing between the plurality of antennas;
send the first and second phase slope parameters to the beam forming circuit;
the beam forming circuit being configured to:
receive the first and second phase slope parameters;
determine plurality of phase shift parameters for the plurality of antennas based on the first and second phase slope parameters corresponding to the desired beam and physical locations of the plurality of antennas, wherein the plurality of phase shift parameters are different from the first and second phase slope parameters corresponding to the desired beam, a number of phase shift parameters is equivalent to a number of antennas, and a phase shift parameter for an antenna represents a phase shift required for the antenna to contribute to forming the desired beam;
search in a mapping table to identify a plurality of control settings that are mapped to the plurality of phase shift parameters wherein an identified control setting mapped to a phase shift parameter for an antenna comprises a phase shifter setting and a gain control circuit setting for the antenna, the phase shifter setting for the antenna is different from the phase shift parameter of the antenna, and the phase shifter setting for the antenna causes the antenna to perform an actual phase shift according to the phase shifter setting in the identified control setting, and a number of control settings being identified is equivalent to the number of phase shift parameters;
distribute the plurality of control settings mapped to the plurality of phase shift parameters from the mapping table to the plurality of front-end circuits; and
the plurality of front-end circuits being configured to control the phased array using the plurality of control settings mapped to the plurality of phase shift parameters to cause the phased array to form the desired beam having the desired beam direction.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein:
the beam forming circuit comprises a memory device connected to the plurality of front-end circuits; and
the memory device being configured to store the mapping table.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the beam forming circuit is further configured to:
configure the plurality of front-end circuits using a combination of phase shifter settings from the mapping table to cause the phased array to form the desired beam having the desired beam direction.
11. The system of claim 8 , wherein:
the beam forming circuit comprises a plurality of memory devices connected to the plurality of front-end circuits, each memory device being connected to one front-end circuit; and
each one of the plurality of memory devices being configured to store the mapping table.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the beam forming circuit is further configured to configure the plurality of front-end circuits using a combination of different phase shifter settings from mapping tables connected to the plurality of memory devices, wherein each phase shifter setting among the combination of different phase shifter settings is from a corresponding mapping table.
13. The system of claim 8 , further comprising a memory device configured to store physical locations of the plurality of antennas.
14. The system of claim 8 , wherein the beam forming circuit comprises at least one memory device configured to store at least one mapping table that stores different values of phase shifter settings for the plurality of front-end circuits, the at least one memory device being connected to the plurality of front-end circuits, and a number of entries in each one of the at least one mapping table is less than a number of possible beam directions of beams being formed by the phased array.
15. An apparatus comprising:
a plurality of antennas;
a beam forming circuit including a plurality of front-end circuits connected to the plurality of antennas, the beam forming circuit being configured to receive a first phase slope parameter and a second phase slope parameter corresponding to a desired beam from a device and physical locations of the plurality of antennas, the first and second phase slope parameters corresponding to the desired beam depend a beam angle of the desired beam, a wavelength of the desired beam and minimum unit spacing between the plurality of antennas;
the beam forming circuit being configured to:
determine a plurality of phase shift parameters for the plurality of antennas based on the first and second phase slope parameters corresponding to the desired beam and physical locations of the plurality of antennas, wherein the plurality of phase shift parameters are different from the first and second phase slope parameters corresponding to the desired beam, a number of phase shift parameters is equivalent to a number of antennas, and a phase shift parameter for an antenna represents a phase shift required for the antenna to contribute to forming the desired beam; and
search in a mapping table to identify a plurality of control settings that are mapped to the plurality of phase shift parameters, wherein an identified control setting mapped to a phase shift parameter for an antenna comprises a phase shifter setting and a gain control circuit setting for the antenna, the phase shifter setting for the antenna is different from the phase shift parameter of the antenna, and the phase shifter setting for the antenna causes the antenna to perform an actual phase shift according to the phase shifter setting in the identified control setting, and a number of control settings being identified is equivalent to the number of phase shift parameters;
distribute the plurality of control settings mapped to the plurality of phase shift parameters from the mapping table to the plurality of front-end circuits; and
the plurality of front-end circuits being configured to control the plurality of antennas using the plurality of control settings mapped to the plurality of phase shift parameters to cause the plurality of antennas to form the desired beam having the desired beam direction.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein:
the beam forming circuit comprises a memory device connected to the plurality of front-end circuits; and
the memory device being configured to store the mapping table.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the beam forming circuit being configured to:
configure the plurality of front-end circuits using a combination of different phase shifter settings from the mapping table to form the desired beam having the desired beam direction.
18. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein:
the beam forming circuit comprises a plurality of memory devices connected to the plurality of front-end circuits, each memory device being connected to one front-end circuit; and
each one of the plurality of memory devices being configured to store the mapping table.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the beam forming circuit is configured to configure the plurality of front-end circuits using a combination of different phase shifter settings from mapping tables connected to the plurality of memory devices, wherein each phase shifter setting among the combination of different phase shifter settings is from a corresponding mapping table.
20. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the beam forming circuit comprises at least one memory device configured to store at least one mapping table that stores different values of phase shifter settings for the plurality of front-end circuits, the at least one memory device being connected to the plurality of front-end circuits, and a number of entries in each one of the at least one mapping table is less than a number of possible beam directions of beams being formed by the beam forming circuit.