Advanced system for electrochemical cell
A high water transfer electrochemical compressor is described having a ‘n’ transfer of water through the ion conducting membrane of greater than one. This may be accomplished by reducing the equivalent weight of the ion conducting polymer, such as an ionomer to less than about 900 and/or by reinforcing the low equivalent weight ionomer with a support material, such as an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. This may be accomplished by making components of the electrochemical cell hydrophilic including the electrodes and/or gas diffusion media. This may be accomplished by adding a flow component to a feed fluid or refrigerant, such as an alcohol, acid, or acetone, for example. A flow component may modify an electrode and/or the ion conducting media, by rendering them hydrophilic. A flow component may swell an ion conducting media enable high transport of the working fluid.
1. An electrochemical system comprising:
a) a working fluid comprising:
i) an electrochemically active component comprising hydrogen, and
ii) a polar species component comprising water;
iii) a flow component comprising an organic polar compound;
b) an electrochemical cell comprising:
i) a membrane electrode assembly comprising:
an anode side having a gas pervious anode,
a cathode side having a gas pervious cathode, and
an ion conducting media disposed between and in intimate electrical contact with the cathode and the anode to pass said working fluid therethrough,
wherein the polar species component, the electrochemically active component and at least a portion of the working fluid are transferred across the ion conducting media with the polar species component being transferred at a ratio of ‘n’ relative to the electrochemically active component, wherein ‘n’ is greater than 2.0; and
wherein the ion conducting media is a proton conducting media and wherein the proton conducting media comprises an ionomer.
2. The electrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein the organic polar compound is selected from the group comprising: methanol and ethanol, glycol and propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol.
3. The electrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein the flow component comprises a low molecular weight carboxylic acid.
4. The electrochemical system of claim 3 , wherein the low molecular weight carboxylic acid comprises formic acid.
5. The electrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein the flow component comprises a glycol.
6. The electrochemical system of claim 5 , wherein the glycol comprises a propylene glycol or ethylene glycol.
7. The electrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein the flow component comprises dimethoxyethane.
8. The electrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein the flow component renders the anode or cathode hydrophilic.
9. The electrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein the ionomer comprises a support material.
10. The electrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein the ionomer has an equivalent weight of no more than 1200.
11. The electrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein the ionomer has an equivalent weight of no more than 1000.
12. The electrochemical system of claim 11 , wherein the ionomer comprises a support material.
13. The electrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein the ionomer has an equivalent weight of no more than 900.
14. The electrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein the ionomer has an equivalent weight of no more than 800.
15. The electrochemical system of claim 14 , wherein the ionomer comprises a support material.
16. The electrochemical system of claim 15 , wherein the support material comprises expanded polytetrafluoroethylene.
17. The electrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein ‘n’ is greater than 3.0.
18. The electrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein ‘n’ is greater than 5.0.
19. The electrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein the ionomer comprises a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer.
20. The electrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein the flow component comprises an acid.