Catalytic hydrogenation of fluoroolefins, alpha-alumina supported palladium compositions and their use as hydrogenation catalysts
A hydrogenation process is disclosed. The process involves reacting a fluoroolefin with H 2 in a reaction zone in the presence of a palladium catalyst to produce a hydrofluoroalkane product, wherein the palladium catalyst comprises palladium supported on a carrier wherein the palladium concentration is from about 0.001 wt % to about 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the palladium and the carrier. Also disclosed is a palladium catalyst composition consisting essentially of palladium supported on α-Al 2 O 3 wherein the palladium concentration is from about 0.001 wt % to about 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the palladium and the α-Al 2 O 3 . Also disclosed is a hydrogenation process comprising (a) passing a mixture comprising fluoroolefin and H 2 through a bed of palladium catalyst in a reaction zone wherein the palladium catalyst comprises palladium supported on a carrier; and (b) producing a hydrofluoroalkane product; characterized by: the palladium catalyst in the front of the bed having lower palladium concentration than the palladium catalyst in the back of the bed.
1. A process comprising flowing a composition comprising at least one fluoroolefin across a bed of a palladium catalyst supported on a carrier comprising α-Al 2 O 3 , the bed having a front and a back, the composition flowing from the front of the bed to the back of the bed, wherein a concentration of the palladium catalyst in the bed spatially increases continuously from a first concentration of palladium catalyst in the front of the bed to a second concentration of palladium catalyst in the back of the bed, the second concentration of palladium catalyst being greater than the first concentration of palladium catalyst, wherein the at least one fluoroolefin has the formula C n H m F 2n−m , wherein n is an integer from 2 to 8 and m is an integer from 0 to 2n−1.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises hydrogen (H 2 ) and the process is a hydrogenation process.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein n=3, m=2, and the at least one fluoroolefin is defined by the formula C 3 H 2 F 4 .
4. The process of claim 2 , wherein n=3 and m=0.
5. The process of claim 2 , wherein n=3 and m=1.
6. The process of claim 3 , wherein the at least one fluoroolefin is selected from the group consisting of CF 3 CH═CHF and CF 3 CF═CH 2 .
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one fluoroolefin is selected from the group consisting of CF 3 CF═CF 2 and CF 3 CF═CHF.
8. The process of claim 2 , wherein the hydrogenation process is carried out in one of a liquid phase or a vapor phase.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the hydrogenation process is carried out at a temperature of between about 0° C. and about 200° C.
10. The process of claim 8 , wherein the hydrogenation process is carried out at a temperature of between about room temperature and about 300° C.
11. The process of claim 2 , wherein the hydrogenation process is conducted with H 2 and fluoroolefin fed at a molar ratio of about 0.1:1 to about 100:1.
12. The process of claim 2 , wherein the first palladium concentration is from about 0.001 wt % to about 0.08 wt % based on the total weight of the palladium and the carrier in the front of the bed, and the second palladium concentration is from about 0.2 wt % to about 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the palladium and the carrier in the back of the bed.
13. The process of claim 2 , wherein the hydrogenation process is conducted with H 2 and fluoroolefin fed at a molar ratio of about 0.5:1 to about 5:1.
14. The process of claim 2 , wherein the hydrogenation process is conducted with H 2 and fluoroolefin fed at a molar ratio of about 0.9:1 to about 3:1.