Homogeneous catalytic fiber coatings and methods of preparing same
Methods of providing a homogeneous or uniform catalytic coating on an inorganic fiber substrate include using a vacuum to coat the substrate, improved coating solutions or mixtures and/or drying methods to prevent migration of metal catalyst precursors to the exterior surfaces and edges of the inorganic fiber substrate. The methods may include adding a component to the first coating solution or mixture before coating the inorganic fiber substrate; applying a second coating solution or mixture to the coated inorganic fiber substrate; drying the coated inorganic fiber substrate at ambient conditions, under controlled conditions, or with microwave radiation; or optimizing an amount of a salt, water, or an organic solvent in the coating solution.
1. A method for preparing a catalytically active fiber composition comprising:
preparing a first coating solution or mixture comprising:
a salt or a colloid of a catalytically active metal, and
water, an organic solvent, or a combination thereof,
coating an inorganic fiber substrate with the first coating solution or mixture;
reducing migration of the catalytically active metal on the inorganic fiber substrate by:
adding a viscosifier to the first coating solution or mixture before coating the inorganic fiber substrate, wherein the viscosifier comprises a latex or a flocculent,
applying a second coating solution or mixture to the coated inorganic fiber substrate, or
pre-treating the inorganic fiber substrate before coating the inorganic fiber substrate;
drying the coated inorganic fiber substrate; and
calcining the dried, coated inorganic fiber substrate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein reducing migration of the catalytically active metal comprises applying a second coating solution to the coated inorganic fiber substrate, and the second coating solution comprises a chelating agent.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the chelating agent comprises a salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein reducing migration of the catalytically active metal comprises applying a second coating solution to the coated inorganic fiber substrate, and the second coating solution comprises a compound that decomposes to form a base upon heating.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the compound that decomposes to form a base comprises urea.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
reducing migration of the catalytically active metal comprises applying a second coating solution or mixture to the coated inorganic fiber substrate,
the first coating solution or mixture has an acidic pH, and
the second coating solution or mixture has a basic pH.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein
reducing migration of the catalytically active metal comprises applying a second coating solution or mixture to the coated inorganic fiber substrate,
the first coating solution or mixture comprises a salt of cerium and a salt of palladium, and
the second coating solution or mixture comprises a salt of rhodium.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising disposing the inorganic fiber substrate in a porous bag during the coating, the drying, and/or the calcining.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein reducing migration of the catalytically active metal comprises pre-treating the inorganic fiber substrate before coating the inorganic fiber substrate, and the inorganic fiber substrate is heat-treated or treated with a base prior to coating.
10. A method for preparing a catalytically active fiber composition comprising:
preparing a coating solution or mixture comprising:
a salt or a colloid of a catalytically active metal, and
water, an organic solvent, or a combination thereof;
coating an inorganic fiber substrate with the coating solution or mixture;
drying the coated inorganic fiber substrate at ambient conditions, by freeze drying, under controlled conditions, with infrared radiation, or with microwave radiation to reduce migration of the catalytically active metal on the inorganic fiber substrate; and
calcining the dried, coated inorganic fiber substrate.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the inorganic fiber substrate is dried under controlled conditions, and a temperature of drying is controlled by ramping up the temperature from ambient temperature to a higher than ambient temperature in an oven.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the inorganic fiber substrate is dried under controlled conditions, and an atmosphere of drying is controlled by using a controlled atmosphere oven.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the controlled atmosphere oven provides an acidic, basic, or steam-rich gas during drying.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the inorganic fiber substrate is dried with microwave radiation at frequencies of between 1-10 GHz.
15. The method of claim 10 , further comprising disposing the inorganic fiber substrate in a porous bag during the coating, the drying, and/or the calcining.
16. A method for preparing a catalytically active fiber composition comprising:
preparing a coating solution comprising:
a salt of a catalytically active metal,
water, and
an organic solvent,
controlling solubility of the salt in the coating solution by adjusting an amount of the salt, the water, or the organic solvent in the coating solution;
coating an inorganic fiber substrate with the coating solution;
drying the coated inorganic fiber substrate in a steam oven; and
calcining the dried, coated inorganic fiber substrate.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the organic solvent comprises methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, or a combination thereof.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the organic solvent comprises a glycol, a polyol, or a combination thereof.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the salt comprises a nitrate, chloride, sulfate, or acetate salt.
20. The method of claim 16 , further comprising disposing the inorganic fiber substrate in a porous bag during the coating, the drying, and/or the calcining.
21. A method for preparing a catalytically active fiber composition comprising:
preparing a first coating solution or mixture comprising:
a salt or a colloid of a catalytically active metal, and
water, an organic solvent, or a combination thereof;
placing an inorganic fiber substrate into a container;
coating the inorganic fiber substrate with the first coating solution or mixture by applying a vacuum to the container;
drying the coated inorganic fiber substrate; and
calcining the dried, coated inorganic fiber substrate.
22. The method of claim 21 , further comprising removing the container by heating.