Neurological electrode system for magnetic resonance environments
An electrode system includes an electrode, a connector, and a cable with an in-line radio-frequency filter module comprising resistors and inductors without any deliberately added capacitance. The resistors are arranged in an alternating series of resistors and inductors, preferably with resistors at both outer ends, and connected electrically in series. The in-line module is located at a specific location along the wire, chosen through computer modeling and real-world testing for minimum transfer of received RF energy to a patient's skin, such as between 100 cm and 150 cm from the electrode end of a 240 centimeter cable. The total resistance of the resistors plus cable, connectors and solder is 1000 ohms or less; while the total inductance is roughly 1560 nanohenries. The inductors do not include ferrite or other magnetic material and are, together with the resistors, stock components thereby simplifying manufacture and reducing cost.
1. A neurological electrode system, comprising:
a magnetic resonance environment with a radio frequency (RF) field;
an electrode for neurological monitoring;
a connector configured to connect to an amplifier;
a cable, having a first end and a second end, the first end in electrical connection to the electrode, the second end in electrical connection to the connector; and
an inline filter module configured along the cable, the inline filter module comprising one or more inductors and one or more resistors in series, wherein total resistance of the one or more resistors is below 1 ohm, wherein the inductors and resistors are configured in the inline filter module to reduce radio frequency power in the electrode system and the inline filter module limits heat generation in the electrode.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising two or more inline filter modules configured along the cable.
3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an inline filter module placed between 40 to 80 millimeters along the cable from the electrode.
4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an inline filter module placed between 80 to 120 millimeters along the cable from the electrode.
5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an inline filter module placed between 120 to 160 millimeters along the cable from the electrode.
6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising the one or more inductors as a number N of inductors, and further comprising the one or more resistors as a number N+1 of resistors.
7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising the one or more inductors spaced a small distance apart and the cable itself is the one or more resistors.
8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising having more than one resistor in the one or more resistors, each of the resistors possessing the same resistance as the other resistors.
9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising having more than one inductor in the one or more inductors, each of the inductors possessing the same inductance as the other inductors.
10. The system of claim 1 , further comprising the one or more inductors having a total inductance between 1 and 2 microhenries.
11. The system of claim 1 , further comprising the one or more inductors having a total inductance between 1370 and 1800 nanohenries.
12. The system of claim 1 , further comprising the one or more resistors having a total resistance between 0.1 and 1000 ohms.
13. The system of claim 1 , further comprising the one or more resistors and the one or more inductors being substantially linear on the cable and electrically connected in series.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the inline filter does not comprise a capacitor.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the number of resistors in the inline filter is based on the number of inductors in the inline filter.
16. A neurological electrode system, comprising:
a magnetic resonance environment with a radio frequency (RF) field;
an electrode for neurological monitoring;
a connector configured to connect to an amplifier;
a cable, having a first end and a second end, the first end in electrical connection to the electrode, the second end in electrical connection to the connector; and
an inline filter module configured along the cable, the inline filter module comprises one or more resistors and one or more inductors configured in series, and the inline filter module limits heat generation in the electrode.
17. The system of claim 16 , further comprising two or more inline filter modules configured along the cable.
18. The system of claim 16 , further comprising an inline filter module placed between 40 to 80 millimeters along the cable from the electrode.
19. The system of claim 16 , further comprising an inline filter module placed between 80 to 120 millimeters along the cable from the electrode.
20. The system of claim 16 , further comprising an inline filter module placed between 120 to 160 millimeters along the cable from the electrode.
21. The system of claim 16 , further comprising the one or more inductors as a number N of inductors, and further comprising the one or more resistors as a number N+1 of resistors.
22. The system of claim 16 , further comprising having more than one resistor in the one or more resistors, each of the resistors possessing the same resistance as the other resistors.
23. The system of claim 16 , further comprising having more than one inductor in the one or more inductors, each of the inductors possessing the same inductance as the other inductors.