Methods of use of seed-origin endophyte populations
This application relates to methods and materials for providing a benefit to a seed or seedling of an agricultural plant (e.g., an agricultural grass plant), or the agricultural plant derived from the seed or seedling. For example, this application provides purified bacterial populations that include novel seed-origin bacterial endophytes, and synthetic combinations of seeds and/or seedlings (e.g., cereal seeds and/or seedlings) with heterologous seed-derived bacterial endophytes.
1. A method of treating a cereal agricultural plant, comprising mechanically or manually contacting a seed of a cereal agricultural plant with an agricultural formulation comprising an agriculturally acceptable carrier and a purified bacterial population, wherein the purified bacterial population comprises a Bacillus bacterial endophyte that is heterologous to the seed, has a 16S nucleic acid sequence that is at least 97% identical to a 16S nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 542, 617, 629, 745, and 746, wherein the purified bacterial population is present in the formulation in an amount capable of increasing shoot biomass of an agricultural plant derived from the seed under low nutrient stress.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting comprises spraying, immersing, coating, encapsulating, or dusting the cereal agricultural plant with the formulation.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cereal agricultural plant is corn, wheat, rice, or barley.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacterial endophyte is present at a concentration of at least 10 2 CFU/seed on the surface of the seed of the cereal agricultural plant.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agriculturally compatible carrier comprises one or more of: a mineral carrier, a liquid carrier, a tackifier, a surfactant, a microbial stabilizer, a fungicide, an antibacterial agent, an herbicide, a nematicide, an insecticide, a plant growth regulator, a rodenticide, a desiccant, and a nutrient.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the agriculturally compatible carrier comprises a mineral carrier and the mineral carrier is selected from the group consisting of kaolin clay, pyrophyllite, bentonite, montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, acid white soil, vermiculite, and pearlite, and inorganic salts.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agricultural formulation additionally comprises a vegetable oil or mineral oil.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacterial endophyte is capable of production of a siderophore.
9. A synthetic combination comprising a purified bacterial population in association with a seed of a cereal agricultural plant, wherein the purified bacterial population comprises a Bacillus bacterial endophyte that is heterologous to the seed, has a 16S nucleic acid sequence that is at least 97% identical to a 16S nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 542, 617, 629, 745, and 746, wherein the seed bacterial endophyte is present in the synthetic combination at a concentration of at least 10{circumflex over ( )}3 CFU/seed on the surface of a seed that is effective for increasing shoot biomass of an agricultural plant derived from the seed under low nutrient stress.
10. A synthetic combination comprising a seed of a cereal agricultural plant and a purified bacterial population in association with an agriculturally acceptable carrier, wherein the purified bacterial population comprises a Bacillus bacterial endophyte that is heterologous to the seed, has a 16S nucleic acid sequence that is at least 97% identical to a 16S nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 542, 617, 629, 745, and 746, wherein the agriculturally acceptable carrier comprises one or more of talc, an oil, kaolin clay, a dispersant, a surfactant, and a nutrient, wherein the purified bacterial population is present in an amount capable of increasing shoot biomass of a cereal agricultural plant derived from the seed under low nutrient stress.
11. The synthetic combination of claim 10 , wherein the synthetic combination is disposed within a packaging material selected from a bag, box, bin, envelope, carton, or container.
12. The synthetic combination of claim 11 , wherein the packaging material additionally comprises a desiccant.
13. The synthetic combination of claim 9 , wherein the purified bacterial population is localized on the surface of the seeds.
14. The synthetic combination of claim 13 , wherein the localization on the surface is a substantially uniform coating on the seeds.
15. The synthetic combination of claim 10 , wherein the bacterial endophyte exhibits production of a siderophore.
16. The synthetic combination of claim 10 , wherein the bacterial endophyte is shelf-stable.
17. The synthetic combination of claim 10 , wherein the oil is a vegetable oil or mineral oil.
18. The method of claim 6 , wherein the inorganic salts comprise one or more of ammonium sulfate ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium chloride, and calcium carbonate.