Functional epoxides in catalyst-based electrolyte compositions for Li-ion batteries
Electrolyte additives for energy storage devices comprising functional epoxides compounds are disclosed. Catalysts may be combined with the functional epoxides to create bi-component electrolyte additive systems, which can be utilized as additives to an electrolyte composition. The energy storage device may comprise a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electrolyte composition.
1. A method of forming an energy storage device, the method comprising:
forming an energy storage device comprising a cathode, an electrolyte composition, and an anode;
wherein said electrolyte composition comprises an additive compound;
said additive compound comprising at least one functional epoxide compound;
wherein said one or both of said cathode and said anode is formed using, at least, the following steps:
an electrode material is mixed to create a slurry;
said electrolyte composition is added to said slurry;
said slurry is coated on metal foil; and
the coated metal foil is dried; and
wherein the additive compound is a bi-component electrolyte additive comprising the functional epoxide compound and a catalyst; wherein the catalyst comprises a metal triflate having the structure of M(OTf)n; where M is a metal;
OTf is the triflate moiety CF 3 SO 3 ; and n=1-4; and wherein M=Li, Na, K, Ag, Mg, Ca, Ba, Zn, Cu, Ga, Bi, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, or Lu; and
wherein the functional epoxide compound comprises one or more of 2,2-Bis(trifluoromethyl)oxirane (BFMO); 3,3-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-2-(pentafluoroethyl)oxirane (BFFPEO); 2-(Trifluoromethyl)oxirane (TFMO); Oxirane (CAS: 75-21-8); 2,2-difluoro-3,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)oxirane (CAS: 707-13-1); 2-(Difluoromethyl)oxirane (CAS: 503-10-6); (R)-2-(Difluoromethyl)oxirane (CAS Number: 1980793-48-3); trans-2-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxirane (CAS Number: 2149591-04-6); cis-2-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxirane (CAS Number: 2149589-54-6); 2,2-difluoro-3-(fluoromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxirane; 2-fluoro-2,3,3-tris(trifluoromethyl)oxirane; Hexafluoropropylene oxide (CAS: 428-59-1); trans-2,3-Bis(trifluoromethyl)oxirane (CAS Number: 71742-64-8); cis-2,3-Bis(trifluoromethyl)oxirane (CAS Number: 71742-63-7); 2-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)oxirane (CAS: 407-12-5); 2-[2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]oxirane (CAS Number: 74328-57-7); 2-(1H,1H-Nonafluoropentyl)oxirane (CAS: 81190-28-5); [2,2-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H,1H-heptafluoropentyl]oxirane (CAS Number: 119285-89-1); 2-Pentafluoroethyl-2,3-bis-trifluoromethyl-oxirane (CAS: 289626-39-7); 3,3-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-2-(pentafluoroethyl)oxirane (CAS: 788-67-0); (Heptafluoropropyl)trifluorooxirane (CAS Number: 74942-19-1); (Nonafluorobutyl)trifluorooxirane (CAS Number: 72804-48-9); (Perfluorohexyl)trifluorooxirane (CAS: 87375-53-9); (4H-Octafluorobutyl)trifluorooxirane (CAS: 50838-66-9); 2,3-Difluoro-2-(nonafluorobutyl)oxirane (CAS: 1350637-06-7); 2,3-Difluoro-2-(perfluorohexyl)oxirane (CAS Number: 1350637-14-7); (6H-Perfluorohexyl)trifluorooxirane (CAS Number: 742-84-7); [2,3,3,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butyl]oxirane (CAS Number: 239463-94-6); 2-(1H,1H-Perfluoroheptyl)oxirane (CAS: 38565-52-5); 2-Methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxirane (CAS Number: 406-30-4); 2-Methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)oxirane (CAS Number: 374-11-8); 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetrafluoro-2-oxapentyl)oxirane (CAS: 19932-26-4); 2-(1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethoxymethyl)oxirane (CAS: 85567-21-1); 2-(2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropoxymethyl)oxirane (CAS: 706-89-8); 2-(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-Octafluoro-2-oxaheptyl)oxirane (CAS: 19932-27-5); 2-[(1H,1H-Heptafluorobutoxy)methyl]oxirane (CAS: 648-43-1); 2-(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9-Dodecafluoro-2-oxanonyl)oxirane (CAS: 799-34-8); [2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)propyl]oxirane (CAS Number: 243139-60-8); 2-[(1,1,2,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropoxy)methyl]oxirane (CAS Number: 122502-53-8); 2-(1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropoxymethyl)oxirane (CAS Number: 1243621-18-2); 2-(2,2,3,4,4,4-Hexafluorobutoxymethyl)oxirane (CAS: 93858-69-6); [2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propyl]oxirane (CAS: 243128-42-9); 2-(1H,1H-Perfluorohexoxymethyl)oxirane (CAS Number: 140369-64-8); 2-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-Octafluorohexoxymethyl)oxirane (CAS Number: 384828-82-4); 2-(4,4,5,5,5-Pentafluoropentoxymethyl)oxirane (CAS Number: 1426060-96-9); 2-[(2,4-Difluorophenoxy)methyl]oxirane (CAS Number: 169286-61-7); (2R)-(−)-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)oxirane (CAS Number: 134356-73-3); (2S)-2-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)oxirane (CAS Number: 1006376-63-1); 2-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]oxirane (CAS Number: 1428-54-2); 2-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]oxirane (CAS Number: 109086-18-2); 3-Methyl-2,2-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)oxirane (CAS Number: 100554-31-2); 2-[(2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorophenyl)methyl]oxirane (CAS: 32974-30-4); 2-[(Prop-2-ynyloxy)methyl]oxirane (CAS Number: 18180-30-8); 2-Vinyloxirane (CAS Number: 930-22-3); 2-(3,3,3-Trifluoro-1-pentafluoroethyl-2-trifluoromethyl-propenyloxymethyl)-oxirane (CAS: 104210-12-0); oxiran-2-ylmethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (CAS: 95648-11-6); 2,3-bis[1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]oxirane; Tetracyanoethylene oxide (CAS: 3189-43-3); 1,1-dicyano-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)ethylene oxide; 2-(4-Cyanophenyl)oxirane (CAS Number: 52695-39-3); 2-Phenyl-1-(trifluoromethyl)-1-vinyloxirane (CAS Number: 191591-48-7); 3-Methyl-3-phenyloxirane-2-carbonitrile (CAS Number: 28937-48-6); 3,3-Diphenyloxirane-2-carbonitrile (CAS Number: 21432-18-8); 2-((2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)methyl)oxirane (CAS: 71712-93-1); 2-((2-(2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)methyl)oxirane (CAS: 73692-54-3); 2-[2-(Benzyloxy)ethyl]oxirane (CAS: 94426-72-9); Methyl oxirane-2-carboxylate (CAS: 4538-50-5); (2S)-2-(tert-Butoxymethyl)oxirane (CAS: 130232-97-2); 1,2-Epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane (CAS: 106-86-5); 3-vinylcyclohexene oxide; 1-oxaspiro[2.5]octane; 4-Vinyl-1-cyclohexene dioxide; and 6-tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-1-methyl-cyclohexane 1,2-Epoxide (CAS: 121289-19-8).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anode is a Si-dominant electrode.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises a self-supporting composite material film.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the composite material film comprises:
greater than 0% and less than about 95% by weight of silicon particles, and
greater than 0% and less than about 90% by weight of one or more types of carbon phases, wherein at least one of the one or more types of carbon phases is a substantially continuous phase that holds the composite material film together such that the silicon particles are distributed throughout the composite material film.