Pulmonary analysis using transpulmonary pressure

1. A method for analyzing a patient based on a volumetric pulmonary scan comprising:

receiving volumetric pulmonary scan data representative of a patient's pulmonary structure;

processing the received volumetric pulmonary scan data to identify one or more anatomical structures within the volumetric pulmonary scan data;

analyzing a shape of the one or more identified anatomical structures;

determining a level of transpulmonary pressure defining an effort metric based on the shape of the one or more identified anatomical structures such that the effort metric is based on the shape of the one or more identified anatomical structures; and

determining one or more physiological or anatomical parameters of the patient based on the received volumetric pulmonary scan data and the effort metric.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more identified anatomical structures comprises a trachea, and wherein the determining the level of transpulmonary pressure defining the effort metric comprises analyzing the shape of the trachea in the volumetric pulmonary scan data.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein

determining one or more physiological or anatomical parameters based on the received volumetric pulmonary scan data and the effort metric comprises comparing the received volumetric pulmonary scan data and the effort metric to a database; and

the one or more physiological or anatomical parameters comprises lung texture and the database comprises a texture database.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the determining the level of transpulmonary pressure defining the effort metric comprises categorizing the volumetric pulmonary scan into one of a plurality of effort categories.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining a transpulmonary pressure value associated with the received volumetric pulmonary scan data; and wherein

determining the level of transpulmonary pressure defining the effort metric comprises receiving a pressure measurement representative of an intrapleural pressure corresponding to the received volumetric pulmonary scan data; and

the determining the transpulmonary pressure value is based on the received pressure measurement.

6. A non-transitory computer readable medium programmed with instructions for causing one or more processors to perform a method for analyzing a patient based on a volumetric pulmonary scan comprising:

receiving volumetric pulmonary scan data representative of a patient's pulmonary structure;

processing the received volumetric pulmonary scan data to identify one or more anatomical structures within the volumetric pulmonary scan data;

analyzing a shape of the one or more identified anatomical structures;

determining a level of transpulmonary pressure defining an effort metric based on the shape of the one or more identified anatomical structures such that the effort metric is based on the shape of the one or more identified anatomical structures; and

determining one or more physiological or anatomical parameters associated with the patient based on the received volumetric pulmonary scan data and the effort metric.

7. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 6 , wherein the one or more identified anatomical structures comprises a trachea, and wherein determining the level of transpulmonary pressure defining the effort metric comprises analyzing the shape of the trachea in the volumetric pulmonary scan data.

8. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 6 , wherein the one or more anatomical structures comprises a diaphragm.

9. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 6 , wherein determining one or more physiological or anatomical parameters based on the received volumetric pulmonary scan data and the effort metric comprises determining one or more physiological or anatomical parameters based on the received volumetric pulmonary scan data and adjusting the one or more physiological or anatomical parameters based on the effort metric.

10. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 9 , wherein the one or more physiological or anatomical parameters comprises lung density.

11. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 9 , wherein the adjusting the one or more physiological or anatomical parameters is additionally based on the anatomical location of the one or more physiological or anatomical parameters; and wherein

the anatomical location comprises a first lobe of a lung and adjusting the one or more physiological or anatomical parameters is based on whether the first lobe is an upper lobe, a middle lobe, or a lower lobe.

12. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 9 , wherein adjusting the one or more physiological or anatomical parameters based on the effort metric comprises shifting a density value at each of a plurality of voxels according to the effort metric.

13. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 9 , wherein adjusting the one or more physiological or anatomical parameters based on the effort metric comprises determining a density histogram based on the volumetric pulmonary scan data and shifting the density histogram to map density values based on the effort metric.

14. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 13 , wherein:

the adjusting the one or more physiological or anatomical parameters based on the effort metric further comprises determining a density histogram characteristic based on the volumetric pulmonary scan data; and

the shifting the density histogram characteristic to map density values based on the effort metric further comprises shifting the density histogram characteristic.

15. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 14 , wherein:

determining the density histogram characteristic comprises determining a perc-15 measurement; and

shifting the density histogram comprises adjusting the perc-15 measurement based on the effort metric.

16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 6 , wherein determining one or more physiological or anatomical parameters based on the received volumetric pulmonary scan data and the effort metric comprises comparing the received volumetric pulmonary scan data and the effort metric to a database.

17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16 , wherein the one or more physiological or anatomical parameters comprises lung texture and the database comprises a texture database.

18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16 , wherein:

the database comprises at least one model of volumetric pulmonary scan data;

the volumetric pulmonary scan data comprises volumetric pulmonary scan data of the patient during inspiration;

the at least one model comprises baseline values associated with a full inspiration; and

comparing the received volumetric pulmonary scan data and the effort metric to the at least one model comprises:

shifting the baseline values of the at least one model based on the effort metric; and

comparing the received volumetric pulmonary scan data to the shifted baseline values.

19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16 , wherein:

the database comprises at least one model of volumetric pulmonary scan data;

the volumetric pulmonary scan data comprises volumetric pulmonary scan data of the patient during expiration;

the at least one model comprises baseline values associated with a full expiration; and

comparing the received volumetric pulmonary scan data and the effort metric to the at least one model comprises:

shifting the baseline values of the at least one model based on the effort metric; and

comparing the received volumetric pulmonary scan data to the shifted baseline values.

20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16 , wherein the database comprises at least one threshold value, and wherein determining one or more physiological or anatomical parameters based on the received volumetric pulmonary scan data and the effort metric comprises comparing volumetric pulmonary scan data to the at least one threshold value.

21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20 , wherein the at least one threshold value is based on the effort metric.

22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 6 , wherein determining one or more physiological or anatomical parameters based on the received volumetric pulmonary scan data and the effort metric comprises, for each of one or more locations within the volumetric pulmonary scan data, comparing volumetric pulmonary scan data to a threshold value to determine whether a condition is present at such location.

23. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 22 , wherein the threshold value is adjusted from a baseline threshold value based on the effort metric.

24. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 6 , wherein the one or more physiological or anatomical parameters comprises:

blood flow, artery size, vein size, heart size, lung nodule size, or muscle mass.

25. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 6 , wherein determining the level of transpulmonary pressure defining the effort metric comprises categorizing the volumetric pulmonary scan into one of a plurality of effort categories.

26. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 25 , wherein the plurality of effort categories comprises at least five effort categories.

27. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 6 , wherein the volumetric pulmonary scan data comprises CT scan data.

28. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 6 , wherein:

the receiving the volumetric pulmonary scan data representative of the patient's pulmonary structure comprises receiving a first set of volumetric pulmonary scan data and a second set of volumetric pulmonary scan data, each set containing volumetric scan data representing a pulmonary nodule;

determining the level of transpulmonary pressure defining the effort metric comprises determining a first level of transpulmonary pressure defining a first effort metric associated with the first set of volumetric pulmonary scan data and a second level of transpulmonary pressure defining a second effort metric associated with the second set of volumetric pulmonary scan data; and

the determining the one or more physiological or anatomical parameters comprises:

determining a first size of the pulmonary nodule in the first set of volumetric pulmonary scan data;

determining a second size of the pulmonary nodule in the second set of volumetric pulmonary scan data;

determining a size difference of the pulmonary nodule based on the determined first size and the determined second size; and

characterizing the size difference of the pulmonary nodule based on the determined size difference, the first effort metric, and the second effort metric.

29. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 6 , wherein the method further comprises determining a transpulmonary pressure value associated with the received volumetric pulmonary scan data.

30. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 29 , wherein determining the level of transpulmonary pressure defining the effort metric comprises receiving a pressure measurement representative of an intrapleural pressure corresponding to the received volumetric pulmonary scan data, and wherein the determining the transpulmonary pressure value is based on the received pressure measurement.

31. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 29 , wherein the determining the transpulmonary pressure value is based on:

a ratio of total lung volume to total lung surface area;

a ratio of the cubic root of the total lung volume and the square root of lung surface area; or

a ratio of an intrapleural pressure and atmospheric pressure.