CHIPS, DETECTORS, AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME
Disclosed herein are chips, devices, methods of making the same, and methods of detecting a target analyte, and methods of diagnosing an individual with a disease or condition when a target analyte associated with the disease or condition is detected.
1 . A chip comprising a channel therethrough and a non-fouling polymer layer disposed on at least one surface of the channel,
wherein the channel is substantially enclosed within the chip,
wherein the chip further comprises a capture agent that is directly, non-covalently bound to the non-fouling polymer layer.
2 . The chip of claim 1 , wherein the non-fouling polymer layer i) after being primed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution having a pH of 7.4 for 10 minutes; ii) then being exposed to a fibronectin solution at a concentration of 1 mg fibronectin per ml for 20 minutes at 25° C.; and iii) then being rinsed for 10 minutes with a PBS solution having a pH of 7.4 for 10 minutes; when evaluated by surface plasmon resonance or alternative method shows a fibronectin absorption of equal to or below 1 ng per cm 2 .
3 . The chip of claim 1 , wherein the capture agent retains at least about 50% binding activity for at least about 1 month at a temperature of about 25° C., when the chip is stored such that the non-fouling polymer layer comprises waters of hydration but not bulk water.
4 . The chip of claim 1 , wherein the chip is capable of analyzing a body fluid to detect an analyte therein.
5 . The chip of claim 4 , wherein the analyte is or comprises a human A blood type antigen, a human B blood type antigen, a human AB blood type antigen, a human O blood type antigen, a human Rh factor antigen, a glycophorin, a bio-threat agent, an antigen from an infectious agent, a cancer antigen, an antigen associated with cardiovascular disease, an antigen associated with a metabolic disease, or any combination thereof, or an antibody that recognizes any of the above.
6 . The chip of claim 1 , wherein the non-fouling polymer layer comprises a homopolymer of hydroxy terminated polymerized oligoethylene glycol methyl methacrylate (OEGMA), or a copolymer of methoxy-terminated OEGMA and hydroxy-terminated OEGMA.
7 . The chip of claim 1 , further comprising a detection agent.
8 . A detector comprising:
a body configured to accept the chip of claim 1 ,
a lid which, in combination with the body, substantially surrounds the chip when the chip is disposed in the body; and
a light source that is positioned to emit a light of a first wavelength such that the light contacts the non-fouling polymer layer.
9 . The detector of claim 8 , further comprising a filter that is positioned to filter light emitted from the non-fouling polymer layer.
10 . The detector of claim 8 , further comprising a lens that is positioned to magnify a light of the second wavelength that passes through the filter.
11 . The detector of claim 8 , wherein the light source illuminates the non-fouling polymer layer of the chip at an angle allowing excitation of a detection agent contained within the chip.
12 . The detector of claim 8 , comprising a chip,
wherein the chip comprises a first substrate with a first face,
wherein the first face is substantially flat,
wherein the non-fouling polymer layer is positioned such that the light source the non-fouling polymer layer are on opposite sides of the first face, and
wherein the light source is configured to illuminate the first substrate and the non-fouling polymer layer at an angle that is less than or equal to 90 degrees as measured from a line that is perpendicular to the first face.
13 . A method of making a chip, comprising depositing at least one capture agent into a non-fouling polymer layer, wherein the non-fouling polymer is surrounded by the chip.
14 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising depositing at least one detection agent onto the non-fouling polymer layer.
15 . A method of detecting the presence or absence of an analyte, comprising:
a) contacting the chip of claim 1 with a sample; and
b) determining the presence or absence of the analyte,
wherein a detectable signal from the chip indicates the presence of the analyte, or absence of a detectable signal from the chip indicates the absence of the analyte.
16 . A system for detecting an analyte, comprising:
a chip comprising a non-fouling polymer layer;
a detector; and
a cell phone.
17 . The system of claim 16 , wherein the chip comprises a capture agent and a detection agent disposed on the non-fouling polymer layer.
18 . The system of claim 16 , wherein the capture agent is non-covalently attached to the non-fouling polymer layer.
19 . The system of claim 16 , wherein the analyte is or comprises a human A blood type antigen, a human B blood type antigen, a human AB blood type antigen, a human O blood type antigen, a human Rh factor antigen, a glycophorin, a bio-threat agent, an antigen from an infectious agent, a cancer antigen, an antigen associated with cardiovascular disease, an antigen associated with a metabolic disease, or any combination thereof, or an antibody that recognizes any of the above.
20 . The system of claim 16 , wherein the detection agent comprises a flurophore and the detector comprises a light sources that emits a wavelength of light that excites the fluorophore.