Integrated electronic and photonic backplane architecture for display panels

1. An apparatus comprising:

a composite backplane that modulates light from a light source, comprising:

an electronics layer disposed on a substrate;

a photonics integrated circuit (IC) layer disposed on the electronics layer that causes light from the light source to propagate in a first direction; and

an active light modulation (ALM) interface layer disposed on the photonics IC layer controls an active medium layer in order to control the light propagating in the first direction.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ALM interface layer comprises:

a set of electrodes that modulate one or more pixels;

an alignment layer between the set of electrodes; and

at least one of an anti-reflection (AR) or a partial-reflection (PR) coating;

wherein the set of electrodes modulate the light propagating in the first direction by controlling corresponding pixels.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein:

the ALM interface layer further comprises a black matrix layer interspersed between the set of electrodes,

the active medium layer comprises a layer of liquid crystals as an active light modulation medium; and

the alignment layer is disposed on the black matrix layer and the set of electrodes.

4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the photonics IC layer comprises:

one or more light-guiding waveguides that receive the light produced by the light source and perform a set of optical operations; and

a set of output couplers that direct the light from the one or more light-guiding waveguides to propagate in the first direction.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the light source comprises at least one of a light-emitting diode or a laser.

6. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the photonics IC layer further comprises a light-coupling component that connects the light source with the one or more light-guiding waveguides.

7. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the photonics IC layer further comprises a set of optical couplers and a set of intensity modulators, wherein the set of optical couplers and the set of intensity modulators direct at least a portion of the light included in a first light-guiding waveguide to a second light-guiding waveguide.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electronics layer comprises:

a first electronic circuit that controls a device included in the ALM interface layer;

a first metallic via path through the electronics layer and the photonics IC layer that couples first electronic circuit to the device included in the ALM interface layer;

a second electronic circuit that controls a device included in the photonics IC layer; and

a second metallic via path through the electronics layer that couples the second electronic circuit to the device included in the photonics IC layer.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein:

the electronics layer further comprises at least a set of electronic circuits that are connected to the first electronic circuit or the second electronic circuit via additional via paths, and

the set of electronic circuits process input data and generates a set of one or more control signals for the ALM interface layer or the photonics IC layer.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:

an active medium layer disposed on the ALM interface layer comprising sets of active media included in a set of pixels; and

a top cover layer disposed on the active medium layer,

wherein the sets of active media modify at least one property of the light propagating in the first direction; and each pixel in a set of pixels independently modulates a portion of the light propagating in the first direction.

11. A display system comprising:

a display panel comprising:

a composite backplane, including:

an electronics layer disposed on a substrate,

a photonics integrated circuit (IC) layer disposed on the electronics layer that directs light from a light source to propagate in a first direction, and

an active light modulation (ALM) interface layer disposed the photonics IC layer,

an active medium layer disposed on the ALM interface layer comprising sets of pixels including sets of an active media, and

a top cover layer, and

a controller causing the display panel to modify the light controlled via the active medium layer or the photonic IC layer.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the top cover layer comprises at least one of a photoalignment layer, an electrode layer, or a mechanical supporting layer.

13. The system of claim 11 , wherein:

the light source comprises at least one of a light-emitting diode (LED), a laser, a superluminescent LED, or a nonlinear optical source; and

the photonics IC layer further comprises a light-coupling component that connects the light source with the one or more light-guiding waveguides.

14. The system of claim 11 , wherein each pixel in the set of pixels independently modulates at least one property of the light propagating in the first direction.

15. The system of claim 14 , wherein:

the ALM interface layer includes a set of electrodes that modulate the light propagating in the first direction by controlling the sets of the active media; and

the controller causes the display panel to modify the light by sending control signals to the set of electrodes.

16. The system of claim 11 , wherein the photonics IC layer comprises:

one or more light-guiding waveguides that receive the light produced by the light source and perform a set of optical operations; and

a set of output couplers that direct the light from the one or more light-guiding waveguides to propagate in the first direction,

wherein the controller causes the display panel to modify the light by sending control signals to at least one of the one or more light-guiding waveguides or the set of output couplers.

17. The system of claim 11 , wherein the display panel performs amplitude modulation on the light provided by the light source.

18. The system of claim 11 , wherein the display panel comprises a holographic display that performs phase modulation on the light provided by the light source.

19. The system of claim 11 , wherein the display panel includes the light source.

20. The system of claim 11 , wherein the electronics layer comprises:

a first electronic circuit that controls a device included in the ALM interface layer;

a first metallic via path through the electronics layer and the photonics IC layer that couples first electronic circuit to the device included in the ALM interface layer;

a second electronic circuit that controls a device included in the photonics IC layer; and

a second metallic via path through the electronics layer that couples the second electronic circuit to the device included in the photonics IC layer.