MR spectroscopy system and method for diagnosing painful and non-painful intervertebral discs
An MR Spectroscopy (MRS) system and approach is provided for diagnosing painful and non-painful discs in chronic, severe low back pain patients (DDD-MRS). A DDD-MRS pulse sequence generates and acquires DDD-MRS spectra within intervertebral disc nuclei for later signal processing and diagnostic analysis. An interfacing DDD-MRS signal processor receives output signals of the DDD-MRS spectra acquired and is configured to optimize signal-to-noise ratio by an automated system that selectively conducts optimal channel selection, phase and frequency correction, and frame editing as appropriate for a given acquisition series. A diagnostic processor calculates a diagnostic value for the disc based upon a weighted factor set of criteria that uses MRS data extracted from the acquired and processed MRS spectra for multiple chemicals that have been correlated to painful vs. non-painful discs. A display provides an indication of results for analyzed discs as an overlay onto a MRI image of the lumbar spine.
1. A magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) processing system comprising:
one or more computer processors; and
one or more non-transitory computer readable media comprising computer-readable instructions configured to cause the one or more computer processors to:
receive an MRS spectral acquisition series that includes a set of free induction decay (FID) frames generated and acquired from a voxel located within a region of interest (ROI) via an MRS pulse sequence operation of an MRS system using multiple acquisition channels;
determine a parameter indicative of MRS spectral quality for at least a portion of the set of FID frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series from each of the multiple acquisition channels;
compare the determined parameters from the multiple acquisition channels;
determine one or more selected channels from the multiple acquisition channels for further processing based at least in part on the comparison of the determined parameters; and
process one or more frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series from the one or more selected channels to generate a processed MRS spectrum.
2. The MRS processing system of claim 1 , wherein the computer-readable instructions are configured to cause the one or more computer processors to:
identify a spectral feature in spectra for one or more of the frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series;
shift the spectra of one or more of the frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series based at least in part on the identified spectral feature to align the identified spectral feature across the frames; and
process at least the shifted frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series from the one or more selected channels to generate the processed MRS spectrum.
3. The MRS processing system of claim 2 , wherein the computer-readable instructions are configured to cause the one or more computer processors to:
determine a set of excluded frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series that fail to satisfy a frame editing criterion;
determine a set of retained frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series that do satisfy the frame editing criterion; and
process the set of retrained frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series from the one or more selected channels to generate the processed MRS spectrum.
4. The MRS processing system of claim 1 , wherein the computer-readable instructions are configured to cause the one or more computer processors to determine a strongest single channel based at least in part upon the comparison of the determined parameters.
5. The MRS processing system of claim 4 , wherein the computer-readable instructions are configured to cause the one or more computer processors to determine the one or more selected channels to include the strongest single channel and one or more additional channels that are within a threshold of the determined parameter of the strongest single channel.
6. The MRS processing system of claim 1 , wherein the computer-readable instructions are configured to:
cause the one or more computer processors to produce a channel spectrum for each of the multiple acquisition channels by combining multiple frames from the respective multiple acquisition channels; and
determine the parameter for each of the multiple acquisition channels from the respective channel spectra.
7. The MRS processing system of claim 1 , wherein the determined parameter is a signal-to-noise ratio.
8. The MRS processing system of claim 1 , wherein the computer-readable instructions are configured to cause the one or more computer processors to determine the parameter using a water signal.
9. The MRS processing system of claim 1 , wherein the ROI includes at least a portion of an intervertebral disc of a subject.
10. A magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) processing system comprising:
one or more computer processors; and
one or more non-transitory computer readable media comprising computer-readable instructions configured to cause the one or more computer processors to:
receive an MRS spectral acquisition series that includes a set of free induction decay (FID) frames generated and acquired from a voxel located within a region of interest (ROI) via an MRS pulse sequence operation of an MRS system;
determine a set of excluded frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series that fail to satisfy a frame editing criterion;
determine a set of retained frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series that do satisfy the frame editing criterion; and
process the set of retrained frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series to generate a processed MRS spectrum.
11. The MRS processing system of claim 10 , wherein the computer-readable instructions are configured to cause the one or more computer processors to:
determine a parameter indicative of MRS spectral quality for at least a portion of the MRS spectral acquisition series from each of multiple acquisition channels;
compare the determined parameters from the multiple acquisition channels;
determine one or more selected channels from the multiple acquisition channels for further processing based at least in part on the comparison of the determined parameters; and
process retained frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series from the one or more selected channels to generate the processed MRS spectrum.
12. The MRS processing system of claim 10 , wherein the computer-readable instructions are configured to cause the one or more computer processors to:
identify a spectral feature in spectra for the frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series;
determine confidence values for the identification of the spectral feature for the frames;
determine the set of excluded frames and the set of retained frames based on the determined confidence values.
13. The MRS processing system of claim 10 , wherein the computer-readable instructions are configured to cause the one or more computer processors to determine the set of excluded frames and the set of retained frames based at least in part on a determined confidence in a calculated frequency shift error.
14. The MRS processing system of claim 10 , wherein the computer-readable instructions are configured to cause the one or more computer processors to:
determine that the number of retained frames is less than a minimum threshold number; and
apply a different frame editing criterion to change one or more frames from the set of excluded frames to the set of retained frames so that the number of retained frames satisfies the minimum threshold number.
15. The MRS processing system of claim 10 , wherein the ROI includes at least a portion of an intervertebral disc of a subject.
16. A magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) processing system comprising:
one or more computer processors; and
one or more non-transitory computer readable media comprising computer-readable instructions configured to cause the one or more computer processors to:
receive an MRS spectral acquisition series that includes a set of free induction decay (FID) frames generated and acquired from a voxel located within a region of interest (ROI) via an MRS pulse sequence operation of an MRS system;
identify a spectral feature in spectra for one or more of the frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series;
shift the spectra of one or more of the frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series based at least in part on the identified spectral feature to align the identified spectral feature across the frames; and
process at least the shifted frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series to generate a processed MRS spectrum.
17. The MRS processing system of claim 16 , wherein the computer-readable instructions are configured to cause the one or more computer processors to determine frequency shift error based at least in part on the identified spectral feature for the one or more frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series, and wherein the shifting of the spectra of the one or more frames corrects for the frequency shift error.
18. The MRS processing system of claim 17 , wherein the computer-readable instructions are configured to cause the one or more computer processors to:
determine confidence values for the determined frequency shift errors;
determine which of the frames to excluded and which frames to include as retained frames based at least in part on the determined confidence values; and
process the retrained frames of the MRS spectral acquisition series to generate the processed MRS spectrum.
19. The MRS processing system of claim 16 , wherein the spectral feature comprises a water signal.
20. The MRS processing system of claim 16 , wherein the ROI includes at least a portion of an intervertebral disc of a subject.