Decrementation of delay intervals for rapid 5G/6G communications
View Patent ↗In 5G and 6G, users at high traffic density can be forced to delay transmissions to avoid collisions, and by convention the delay interval is increased upon each instance. This convention penalizes those who have been delayed the most, resulting in excessive latency, gross unfairness, and the blocked-node problem whereby certain users are denied access indefinitely. Disclosed are improved protocols whereby users can delay by shorter intervals upon each successive backoff, thereby reducing overall delays, greatly reducing message failure rates, and providing enhanced fairness overall. The protocols detailed herein can enable wireless users to communicate with fewer and shorter interference delays, while the base station can clear the waiting list sooner, and network operations can be improved generally. Numerous additional aspects are disclosed.
1. A method for transmitting wireless messages, the method comprising:
a. transmitting a first message, and determining that the first message was not received;
b. then waiting a backoff delay comprising an initial waiting interval plus a random portion of an initial contention window;
c. then transmitting a second message, and determining that the second message was not received;
d. then waiting a backoff delay comprising a second waiting interval plus a random portion of a second contention window, wherein the second waiting interval is shorter than the initial waiting interval, or the second contention window is shorter than the initial contention window; and
e. then transmitting a third message;
f. wherein the first contention window is substantially equal to the first waiting interval and the second contention window is substantially equal to the second waiting interval, wherein the term substantially equal corresponds to within plus or minus X percent of each other, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of: 15%, 10%, 5%, 2%, and 1%.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
a. determining that the third message was received;
b. then transmitting a fourth message, and determining that the fourth message was not received;
c. then waiting a backoff delay comprising the initial waiting interval plus a random portion of the initial contention window; and
d. transmitting a fifth message.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
a. determining a number of nodes in a backoff state, the nodes comprising a wireless network;
b. when the number of nodes is above a threshold, setting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window to a higher level, and when the number of nodes is below the threshold, setting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window to a lower level, lower than the higher level.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
a. determining a channel occupation fraction comprising a fraction of time a communication channel is occupied by wireless transmissions;
b. when the channel occupation fraction is above a threshold, setting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window to a higher level, and when the channel occupation fraction is below the threshold, setting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window to a lower level, lower than the higher level.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
a. determining a message collision rate comprising a number of message collisions per unit of time;
b. when the message collision rate is above a threshold, setting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window to a higher level, and when the message collision rate is below the threshold, setting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window to a lower level, lower than the higher level.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, for each particular node of a network comprising a plurality of nodes:
a. determining a backoff count comprising a number of times the particular node has waited a backoff;
b. when the backoff count is below a threshold, setting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window to a higher level, and when the backoff count is above the threshold, setting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window to a lower level, lower than the higher level.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, for each particular node of a network comprising a plurality of nodes:
a. determining an accumulated backoff time comprising an amount of time the particular node has waited in backoff delays;
b. when the accumulated backoff time is below a threshold, setting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window to a higher level, and when the accumulated backoff time is above the threshold, setting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window to a lower level, lower than the higher level.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, for each particular node of a network comprising a plurality of nodes:
a. determining a priority associated with the particular node;
b. when the priority is below a threshold, setting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window to a higher level, and when the priority is above the threshold, setting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window to a lower level, lower than the higher level.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, for each particular node of a network comprising a plurality of nodes:
a. determining, for the particular node, a usage level comprising an amount of time the particular node has used the network for communications; and
b. when the usage level is above a threshold, setting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window to a higher level, and when the usage level is below the threshold, setting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window to a lower level, lower than the higher level.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
a. determining a size of the message before the message is transmitted; and
b. when the size is above a threshold, setting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window to a higher level, and when the size is below the threshold, setting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window to a lower level, lower than the higher level.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
a. determining the second waiting interval by subtracting a first predetermined decrementation value from the initial waiting interval or by multiplying the initial waiting interval by a first predetermined factor less than 1; and
b. determining the second contention window by subtracting a second predetermined decrementation value from the initial contention window or by multiplying the initial contention window by a second predetermined factor less than 1.
12. Non-transitory computer-readable media in a node of a wireless network, the node in signal communication with a base station, the media containing instructions that when implemented by a computing environment cause a method to be performed, the method comprising:
a. determining an initial waiting interval and an initial contention window;
b. determining a waiting interval decrementation factor and a contention window decrementation factor;
c. detecting interference in a communication channel, and then waiting a waiting interval plus a random portion of a contention window, wherein the waiting interval is equal to the initial waiting interval, and the contention window is equal to the initial contention window;
d. determining that the communication channel is clear, and then transmitting a first message;
e. determining that the first message was not received;
f. then waiting a second waiting interval and a random portion of a second contention window, wherein the second waiting interval equals the initial waiting interval minus the waiting interval decrementation factor, and the second contention window equals the initial contention window minus the contention window decrementation factor; and then
g. transmitting a second message;
h. wherein the instructions further include determining a wireless traffic density or collision rate, and adjusting the initial waiting interval according to the wireless traffic density or collision rate.
13. The media of claim 12 , the method further comprising:
a. determining that the second message, or a subsequent message, was received; and then
b. restoring the waiting interval to the initial waiting interval, and restoring the contention window to the initial contention window.
14. The media of claim 12 , the method further comprising:
a. adjusting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window according to a backoff count, the backoff count comprising a number of times a particular node has waited backoff delays, each backoff delay comprising a waiting interval plus a random portion of a contention window.
15. The media of claim 12 , the method further comprising:
a. adjusting the waiting interval decrementation factor or the contention window decrementation factor according to a backoff count comprising a number of times a particular node has waited backoff delays.
16. The media of claim 12 , the method further comprising:
a. adjusting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window according to an accumulated backoff time comprising an amount of time a particular node has waited backoff delays.
17. The media of claim 12 , the method further comprising:
a. adjusting the waiting interval decrementation factor or the contention window decrementation factor according to an accumulated backoff time comprising an amount of time a particular node has waited backoff delays.
18. The media of claim 12 , the method further comprising:
a. adjusting the initial waiting interval or the initial contention window according to priority associated with a particular node.
19. The media of claim 12 , the method further comprising:
a. adjusting the waiting interval decrementation factor or the contention window decrementation factor according to priority associated with a particular node.
20. A base station of a wireless network, the base station in signal communication with a plurality of nodes, the base station comprising an artificial intelligence computing device, the base station configured to:
a. provide, as input to the artificial intelligence computing device, a number of times that a particular node has performed backoff delays, an accumulated amount of time that the particular node has been in backoff delays, a priority of the particular node, a wireless traffic density, and a transmission failure rate;
b. determine, according to the artificial intelligence device, an output comprising an initial waiting interval, an initial contention window, a waiting interval decrementation factor, and a contention window decrementation factor; and
c. transmit, to the particular node, the initial waiting interval, the initial contention window, the waiting interval decrementation factor, and the contention window decrementation factor.