Systems and methods for hydraulic fracture and reservoir simulation
Provided herein are systems and methods for modeling and simulating reservoir, wellbore, and hydraulic fracturing. The systems and methods provided herein may facilitate well life cycle simulation by integrating a three-dimensional model representative of hydraulic fracturing and fluid flow in a wellbore and reservoir. The systems and methods may couple fluid flow in the wellbore and reservoir during injection and extraction with propagation of fractures through subsurface materials during fluid injection. Integrated three-dimensional reservoir, wellbore, and hydraulic fracture simulation may be useful for the design of hydraulic fracture treatments and prediction of future reservoir production.
1 . A method for determining hydraulic fracture treatment of a production well, comprising:
(a) receiving one or more input parameters for a production well, wherein at least one of the one or more input parameters are based on data from an integrated three-dimensional (3-D) model of a calibration well;
(b) simultaneously simulating crack propagation and fluid transport through simulated cracks in the production well by performing an integrated 3-D simulation of hydraulic fracturing and fluid flow in a wellbore and reservoir of the production well based on the one or more input parameters for the production well, wherein performing the integrated 3-D simulation comprises:
i) creating an integrated 3-D model representative of the hydraulic fracturing and the fluid flow in the wellbore and the reservoir of the production well;
ii) adaptively treating a component of a matrix element, a fracture element, and a wellbore element of the integrated 3-D model as an explicit component or an implicit component with respect to a time step to simultaneously solve the matrix element, the fracture element, and the wellbore element during the crack propagation and fluid transport; and
(c) outputting the hydraulic fracture treatment of the production well based on the integrated 3-D simulation of hydraulic fracturing and fluid flow in the wellbore and reservoir of the production well.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the component of the matrix element, the fracture element, and the wellbore element of the integrated 3-D model is adaptively treated as the explicit component or the implicit component based on numerical instability of the component.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more input parameters comprise one or more hydraulic fracture treatment conditions of the production well.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the one or more hydraulic fracture treatment conditions of the production well include (i) spacing of perforation clusters, (ii) spacing between wells, (iii) amount of proppant injected into a perforation cluster, (iv) injection rate, (v) injection volume, (vi) length of each stage along the production well, (vii) type of proppant injected, (viii) type of fluid injected, (ix) sequencing of fluid and proppant injection during a stage, or (x) sequencing of injection stages.
5 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the one or more hydraulic fracture treatment conditions of the production well are provided in an input file.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the input file is generated by a user with the assistance of a graphical user interface.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the calibration well is disposed adjacent to or in the same geological formation as the production well.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the integrated 3-D model of the calibration well is created by adaptively treating a component of the integrated 3-D model of the calibration well as explicit or implicit with respect to a time step.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more input parameters are provided in an input file.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more input parameters comprise a model parameter modified based on the data from the integrated 3-D model of a calibration well.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the model parameter is modified based on a comparison between the model parameter and a production data from the integrated 3-D model of a calibration well.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the production data includes production rate, production pressure, injection pressure during fracturing, or fracture length.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the integrated 3-D model representative of the hydraulic fracturing and the fluid flow in the wellbore and the reservoir of the production well provides a sensitivity analysis for the geological data.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the geological data includes permeability or fracture conductivity.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the integrated 3-D model representative of the hydraulic fracturing and the fluid flow in the wellbore and the reservoir of the production well assesses which of the one or more input parameters have the largest impact on performance of the integrated 3-D simulation.
16 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising displaying to a user via a graphical user interface one or more output properties representing the response and state of the production well at a given time.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the one or more output properties are selected from the group consisting of fluid pressure, temperature, fluid saturation, molar composition, fluid phase density, fluid phase viscosity, proppant volume fraction, and fracture aperture.
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more input parameters comprise production boundary conditions.
19 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising solving the explicit component to obtain explicit variables, using the explicit component and the explicit variables to solve the implicit component, and using numerical differentiation to approximate derivatives of the implicit component to obtain implicit variables.
20 . The method of claim 19 , further comprising evaluating the implicit component after substitution of the explicit component into the implicit component.