CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
The cathode active material according to exemplary embodiments includes lithium metal oxide particle including a layered crystal structure and a cubic crystal structure, wherein the lithium metal oxide particle contains 80 mol % or more of nickel based on a total number of moles of all elements except for lithium and oxygen, and the lithium metal oxide particle includes the cubic crystal structure only in a region having a thickness of less than 200 nm from a surface thereof when analyzing a crystal structure thereof by a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
1 . A cathode active material comprising:
lithium metal oxide particle which includes a layered crystal structure and a cubic crystal structure,
wherein the lithium metal oxide particle contains 80 mol % or more of nickel based on a total number of moles of all elements except for lithium and oxygen, and
the lithium metal oxide particle includes the cubic crystal structure only in a region having a thickness of less than 200 nm from a surface thereof when analyzing a crystal structure thereof by a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM).
2 . The cathode active material according to claim 1 , the lithium metal oxide particle includes the cubic crystal structure only in a region having a thickness of 25 nm from a surface thereof.
3 . The cathode active material according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium metal oxide particle has a specific surface area of 0.25 m 2 /g or less.
4 . The cathode active material according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium metal oxide particle has a specific surface area of 0.05 m 2 /g to 0.25 m 2 /g.
5 . The cathode active material according to claim 1 , wherein a total amount of residual lithium present in the lithium metal oxide particle is 6000 ppm or less.
6 . The cathode active material according to claim 1 , wherein a total amount of residual lithium present in the lithium metal oxide particle is 3000 ppm or less.
7 . The cathode active material according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode active material further comprises a coating layer formed on at least a portion of the surface of the lithium metal oxide particle and including metal, metalloid or non-metal.
8 . The cathode active material according to claim 7 , wherein the coating layer includes at least one of aluminum, zirconium, sulfur and boron.
9 . The cathode active material according to claim 1 , the lithium metal oxide particle is represented by Formula 1.
LixNiaCobMcOy [Formula 1]
In Formula 1, M is at least one of Al, Zr, Ti, B, Mg, Mn, Ba, Si, Y, W and Sr, and x, y, a, b and c are a range of 0.9≤x≤1.2, 1.9≤y≤2.1, 0.8≤a≤1, 0≤c/(a+b)≤0.13 and 0≤c≤0.11.
10 . A method of manufacturing a cathode active material, comprising:
preparing lithium metal oxide particles; and
treating the lithium metal oxide particles with steam or a steam-containing gas without washing with water.
11 . The method of manufacturing a cathode active material according to claim 10 , wherein each of the lithium metal oxide particles includes a layered crystal structure, and contains 80 mol % or more of nickel based on a total number of moles of all elements except for lithium and oxygen.
12 . The method of manufacturing a cathode active material according to claim 10 , wherein the steam-containing gas includes at least one of oxygen gas, nitrogen gas and argon gas.
13 . The method of manufacturing a cathode active material according to claim 10 , wherein the treating with steam or a steam-containing gas is performed at 100° C. or higher, and the steam or the steam-containing gas contains hydroxyl radical.
14 . The method of manufacturing a cathode active material according to claim 10 , wherein the treating with steam or a steam-containing gas comprises: increasing a material temperature of the lithium metal oxide particle; and spraying water on the lithium metal oxide particle with the increased material temperature.
15 . The method of manufacturing a cathode active material according to claim 14 , wherein the lithium metal oxide particle with the increased material temperature has a material temperature of 100 to 500° C.
16 . The method of manufacturing a cathode active material according to claim 10 , wherein the treating with steam or a steam-containing gas comprises: loading the lithium metal oxide particles into a reaction furnace having an internal temperature of 100° C. or higher; and spraying water on the lithium metal oxide particles.
17 . The method of manufacturing a cathode active material according to claim 10 , wherein the treating with steam or a steam-containing gas is performed while stirring the lithium metal oxide particles.
18 . The method of manufacturing a cathode active material according to claim 10 , wherein the step of treating with steam or a steam-containing gas comprises supplying an oxidant.
19 . The method of manufacturing a cathode active material according to claim 18 , wherein the oxidant includes at least one of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ), and sodium peroxide disulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 8 ).
20 . The method of manufacturing a cathode active material according to claim 10 , wherein the treating with steam or a steam-containing gas comprises supplying a coating source including metal, metalloid or non-metal.
21 . The method of manufacturing a cathode active material according to claim 20 , wherein the coating source includes at least one of sodium aluminate (NaAlO 2 ), zirconium nitrate (Zr(NO 3 ) 4 ), sodium peroxide disulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 8 ) and boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ).
22 . The method of manufacturing a cathode active material according to claim 10 , further comprising coating at least a portion of the surface of the lithium metal oxide particles with metal, metalloid or non-metal after the treating with steam or a steam-containing gas.
23 . A lithium secondary battery comprising:
the cathode which comprises the cathode active material according to claim 1 ; and
an anode disposed to face the cathode.