Biologically safe control of LED lamps
A control signal for controlling a light emitting device is PWM modulated in time, the PWM modulation comprising PWM pulses and PWM periods. The PWM pulse instantaneous frequency of a PWM pulse is the reciprocal of the instantaneous PWM period of the PWM pulse. The PWM pulse instantaneous frequency depends on the PWM duty cycle of the PWM pulses of the control signal. The PWM pulse instantaneous frequency of the PWM pulses is a first PWM pulse instantaneous frequency at a first PWM duty cycle of the control signal, and is a second PWM pulse instantaneous frequency at a second PWM duty cycle of the control signal. In an operating condition, the first PWM duty cycle is less than the second PWM duty cycle and the first PWM pulse instantaneous frequency is less than the second PWM pulse instantaneous frequency.
1. A method of driving a light source ( 1 ) with a control signal ( 2 ) wherein an intensity of light ( 3 ) emitted by an illuminant ( 4 ) depends on a value and a value progression of the control signal ( 2 ), the method comprising:
modulating the value progression of the control signal ( 2 ) in time with a PWM modulation ( 6 ), and either:
(a) determining a duty cycle of the PWM modulation of the control signal driving the light source based on a desired light intensity of the illuminant and determining a PWM period of the modulation of the control signal driving the light source based on the determined PWM modulation, or
(b) determining the period of the PWM modulation of the control signal driving the light source based on a desired light intensity of the illuminant and determining the duty cycle of the control signal driving the light source based on the determined period of the PWM modulation;
wherein:
the PWM modulation ( 6 ) of the control signal comprises PWM pulses;
the PWM modulation ( 6 ) further comprises PWM periods respectively associated with the PWM pulses;
a PWM period of a respective PWM pulse begins in time with a rising edge of the PWM pulse and ends with a rising edge of an immediately following PWM pulse of the PWM modulation ( 6 );
a PWM pulse instantaneous frequency of the PWM pulse is a reciprocal of the PWM period of the PWM pulse;
a PWM duty cycle of the PWM pulse is a ratio of a value of a temporal duration of the PWM pulse in the PWM period of the PWM modulation of the control signal divided by a value of a temporal PWM period duration of the PWM period of the PWM modulation of the control signal ( 2 ),
and further wherein:
an illuminant driver ( 5 ) supplies the illuminant ( 4 ) with a PWM modulated electric current that is switched on and off according to the PWM modulation of the control signal ( 2 ), such that the PWM modulation of the control signal is applied to the illuminant;
the PWM pulse instantaneous frequency of the PWM pulses of the PWM modulation ( 6 ) depends on the PWM duty cycle of the PWM pulses of the PWM modulation ( 6 ) of the control signal ( 2 );
a PWM pulse instantaneous frequency of PWM pulses of the PWM modulation is a first PWM pulse instantaneous frequency at a first PWM duty cycle of the PWM pulses of the PWM modulation ( 6 ) of the control signal ( 2 ), and
a PWM pulse instantaneous frequency of the PWM pulses of the PWM modulation ( 6 ) at a second PWM duty cycle of the PWM pulses of the PWM modulation ( 6 ) of the control signal ( 2 ), which is different from the first PWM duty cycle, is a second PWM pulse instantaneous frequency which is different from the first PWM pulse instantaneous frequency;
at least in one operating state, a magnitude of the first PWM duty cycle is smaller than a magnitude of the second PWM duty cycle; and
in the operating state a magnitude of the first PWM pulse instantaneous frequency is smaller than a magnitude of the second PWM pulse instantaneous frequency.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the illuminant ( 4 ) comprises at least one LED ( 18 ).
3. A luminaire ( 21 ) comprising:
an illuminant ( 4 );
an illuminant driver ( 5 ); and
a control signal ( 2 );
wherein:
the illuminant driver ( 5 ) supplies the illuminant ( 4 ) with a PWM modulated current that is switched on and off according to a PWM modulation ( 6 ) of the control signal ( 2 ), such that the PWM modulation of the control signal is applied to the illuminant;
the illuminant driver ( 5 ) generates the control signal ( 2 );
an intensity of light ( 3 ) emitted by the illuminant ( 4 ) depends on a value and a time variation of the control signal ( 2 );
a temporal value progression of the control signal ( 2 ) generated by the illuminant driver ( 5 ) and thus the intensity of the light ( 3 ) emitted by the illuminant ( 4 ) depends on a first preset value which the illuminant driver ( 5 ) generates or receives or holds ready;
the illuminant driver PWM-modulates the temporal value progression of the control signal ( 2 ) in time with the PWM modulation ( 6 );
the PWM modulation ( 6 ) of the control signal ( 2 ) of the illuminant driver comprises PWM pulses;
the PWM modulation of the illuminant driver ( 5 ) comprises PWM periods which are respectively associated with the PWM pulses;
a PWM period of a PWM pulse begins in time with a rising edge of the PWM pulse and ends with a rising edge of an immediately following PWM pulse of the PWM modulation ( 6 );
a PWM pulse instantaneous frequency of the PWM pulse is a reciprocal of the PWM period of the PWM pulse; and
a PWM duty cycle of the PWM pulse is a ratio of a value of a temporal duration of the PWM pulse in the PWM period of the PWM modulation ( 6 ) of the control signal ( 2 ) divided by a value of a temporal PWM period duration of the PWM period of the PWM modulation ( 6 ) of the control signal ( 2 );
and further wherein:
either:
(a) the PWM duty cycle is determined based on the first preset value, and the PWM instantaneous frequency is determined based on the determined PWM duty cycle, or
(b) the PWM instantaneous frequency is determined based on the first preset value, and the PWM duty cycle is determined based on the PWM instantaneous frequency;
the PWM duty cycle and/or the PWM pulse instantaneous frequency depends on the first preset value;
for a first default value of the first preset value, a PWM pulse instantaneous frequency of the PWM pulses of the PWM modulation is a first PWM pulse instantaneous frequency at a first PWM duty cycle of the PWM pulses of the PWM modulation of the control signal;
for a second value of the first preset value different from the first default value of the first preset value, a PWM pulse instantaneous frequency of the PWM pulses of the PWM modulation at a second PWM duty cycle of the PWM pulses of the PWM modulation of the control signal different from the first PWM duty cycle is a second PWM pulse instantaneous frequency different from the second PWM pulse instantaneous frequency; and
at least a magnitude of the first PWM duty cycle is smaller than a magnitude of the second PWM duty cycle; and
a magnitude of the first PWM pulse instantaneous frequency is smaller than a magnitude of the second PWM pulse instantaneous frequency.
4. The luminaire ( 21 ) according to claim 3 , wherein the illuminant ( 4 ) comprises at least one LED ( 18 ).
5. The luminaire ( 21 ) according to claim 3 , wherein the illuminant driver ( 5 ) includes a current source that is switched on and off according to the PWM modulation ( 6 ) of the control signal ( 2 ) and supplies PWM electric current to the illuminant ( 4 ).
6. The luminaire ( 21 ) according to claim 3 , wherein the illuminant driver ( 5 ) includes a current source that is switched on and off according to the PWM modulation ( 6 ) of the control signal ( 2 ) and supplies PWM electric current to the illuminant ( 4 ).