CARBON AEROGEL-BASED LITHIUM METAL ANODE MATERIALS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF
The present disclosure discusses a system with a nanoporous carbon material with a pore structure and lithium metal disposed adjacent to the nanoporous carbon material. The present disclosure discussion includes an electrical energy storage device including at least one anode, at least one cathode, and an electrolyte comprising lithium ions, wherein the electrical energy storage device has a first cycle efficiency of at least 50% and a reversible capacity of at least 150 mAh/g.
1 . A system comprising:
a nanoporous carbon material with a pore structure; and
lithium metal disposed adjacent to the nanoporous carbon material.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the lithium metal disposed adjacent to the nanoporous carbon material comprises a layer of nanoporous carbon material electrically connected to the lithium metal.
3 . The system of claim 2 , wherein the layer of nanoporous carbon material is coated on the lithium metal and positioned between the metal and a separator.
4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the nanoporous carbon material is in a particulate form.
5 . The system of claim 2 , wherein the layer of nanoporous carbon material is a monolith bonded to the lithium metal.
6 . A system comprising:
a nanoporous carbon material comprising:
a pore structure comprising a fibrillar morphology and an array of pores, wherein the array of pores is surrounding lithium metal.
7 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the lithium metal is plated on the nanoporous carbon material.
8 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the lithium metal is melt infused into the pore structure of the nanoporous carbon material.
9 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the nanoporous carbon material is in a particulate form.
10 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the nanoporous carbon material is a monolith.
11 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the nanoporous carbon material includes one or more dopants.
12 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the one or more dopants are selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, zinc, magnesium, platinum, and aluminum.
13 . The system of claim 12 , wherein the one or more dopants comprise electrochemically active species.
14 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the nanoporous carbon material comprises a carbon aerogel.
15 . The system of claim 14 , wherein the carbon aerogel comprises a polyimide-derived carbon aerogel.
16 . The system of claim 6 ,
wherein the pores form interconnected structures around the lithium metal, and
wherein the lithium metal and pore walls of each pore in which the lithium metal is surrounded are interconnected by a plurality of connection points.
17 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the nanoporous carbon material has a pore volume of at least 0.3 cc/g.
18 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the nanoporous carbon material has a porosity between about 10% and about 90%.
19 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the nanoporous carbon material has a capacity of between about 500 mAh/g and about 3000 mAh/g.
20 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the nanoporous carbon material has an electrical conductivity of at least about 1 S/cm.
21 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the pore structure comprises a pore size distribution full width at half max of about 50 nm or less.
22 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the pore structure comprises a pore size at max peak from distribution of about 100 nm or less.
23 . The system of claim 6 , wherein an average strut width of the fibrillar morphology of the nanoporous carbon material ranges from about 2 nm to about 10 nm.
24 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the system is an energy storage system.
25 . The system of claim 24 , wherein the energy storage system is a battery.
26 . A method of controlling current at an interface in an energy storage system, the method comprising:
disposing lithium metal adjacent to a nanoporous carbon material.
27 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the nanoporous carbon material is a carbon aerogel.
28 . The method of claim 26 , wherein disposing lithium metal adjacent to a nanoporous carbon material comprises filling at least a portion of a void space in the nanoporous carbon material with the lithium metal.
29 . The method of claim 26 , wherein disposing lithium metal adjacent to a nanoporous carbon material comprises electrically connecting a layer of nanoporous carbon material to the lithium metal.
30 - 35 . (canceled)
36 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the nanoporous carbon material comprises a carbon aerogel.
37 . The system of claim 36 , wherein the carbon aerogel comprises a polyimide-derived carbon aerogel.
38 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the nanoporous carbon material has a pore volume of at least 0.3 cc/g.
39 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the nanoporous carbon material has a porosity between about 10% and about 90%.
40 . The system of claim 1 wherein the nanoporous carbon material has a capacity of between about 500 mAh/g and about 3000 mAh/g.
41 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the nanoporous carbon material has an electrical conductivity of at least about 1 S/cm.
42 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the pore structure comprises a pore size distribution full width at half max of about 50 nm or less.
43 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the pore structure comprises a pore size at max peak from distribution of about 100 nm or less.
44 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is an energy storage system.
45 . The system of claim 44 , wherein the energy storage system is a battery.