Optical lens assemblies
The disclosed optical lens assemblies may include a deformable optical element including a substantially transparent transducer configured to deform, and thus change at least one optical property of, the deformable optical element. At least a portion of the substantially transparent transducer may be positioned within a substantially transparent optical aperture of the optical lens assembly. Various head-mounted displays incorporating such an optical lens assembly, and methods of fabricating the same, are also disclosed.
1. An optical lens assembly, comprising:
a deformable optical element comprising a substantially transparent transducer configured to deform, and thus change at least one optical property of, the deformable optical element;
wherein at least a portion of the substantially transparent transducer is positioned within a substantially transparent optical aperture of the optical lens assembly; and
wherein the substantially transparent transducer comprises:
a first electroactive material comprising a piezoelectric polymer including at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride or a copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride;
a second electroactive material stacked over the first electroactive material; and
an electromechanical element.
2. The optical lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein the substantially transparent optical aperture allows passage of light to a user's eye.
3. The optical lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the optical lens assembly or the deformable optical element has a non-symmetric shape.
4. The optical lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first electroactive material further comprises at least one of a piezoelectric ceramic or an electrostrictor ceramic.
5. The optical lens assembly of claim 4 , wherein the first electroactive material comprises a polycrystalline ceramic material.
6. The optical lens assembly of claim 5 , wherein the polycrystalline ceramic material includes a dopant.
7. The optical lens assembly of claim 4 , wherein the first electroactive material has a perovskite-type crystallography.
8. The optical lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first electroactive material further comprises a single-crystal material.
9. The optical lens assembly of claim 8 , wherein the single-crystal material comprises at least one of K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 , barium titanate, lithium niobate, lithium tetraborate, quartz, Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 —PbTiO 3 , or Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 —PbTiO 3 .
10. The optical lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein the substantially transparent transducer further comprises at least one substantially transparent electrode configured to activate the first electroactive material by application of an electrical voltage thereto.
11. The optical lens assembly of claim 10 , wherein the at least one substantially transparent electrode comprises at least one of: a transparent conducting oxide, indium tin oxide, a nanocomposite material, carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, or graphene.
12. An optical lens assembly, comprising:
a deformable optical element comprising a substantially transparent transducer configured to deform, and thus change at least one optical property of, the deformable optical element;
wherein at least a portion of the substantially transparent transducer is positioned within a substantially transparent optical aperture of the optical lens assembly; and
wherein the substantially transparent transducer comprises a first electroactive material including an electroactive polymer comprising at least one of: an electrostrictor polymer, a dielectric elastomer, or an ionic polymer conductor, and a second electroactive material stacked over the first electroactive material.
13. The optical lens assembly of claim 12 , wherein the substantially transparent transducer comprises:
a first surface and an opposing second surface; and
a first electrode electrically coupled to the first surface and a second electrode electrically coupled to the second surface.
14. The optical lens assembly of claim 13 , further comprising a driving circuit electrically coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode.
15. The optical lens assembly of 12 , further comprising a structural support element to which the deformable optical element is coupled, the structural support element comprising a substantially zero optical power lens or a substantially non-zero optical power lens.
16. The optical lens assembly of claim 12 , wherein the deformable optical element further comprises a deformable medium comprising at least one of a liquid, a gas, a gel, a foam, or a polymer.
17. An optical lens assembly, comprising:
a deformable optical element comprising a substantially transparent transducer configured to deform, and thus change at least one optical property of, the deformable optical element;
wherein at least a portion of the substantially transparent transducer is positioned within a substantially transparent optical aperture of the optical lens assembly; and
wherein the substantially transparent transducer comprises at least two electroactive materials in a stack.
18. The optical lens assembly of claim 17 , wherein:
the two electroactive materials comprise more than two electroactive materials; and
the optical lens assembly further comprises a series driving circuit or a parallel driving circuit electrically coupled to the more than two electroactive materials.
19. The optical lens assembly of claim 17 , wherein the at least two electroactive materials are coupled to at least one electrically passive support material.
20. The optical lens assembly of claim 17 , wherein the at least two electroactive materials comprise a first electroactive material and a second electroactive material, further comprising an electrode material positioned between the first electroactive material and the second electroactive material.