Fluorescent dye molecules having hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity for tracer applications
Functionalized fluorescent tracers, methods of making the tracers, and methods of using the tracers are provided. In some implementations, the fluorescent tracers include a functionalized fluorescent dye. The functionalized fluorescent dye includes an isothiocyanate-containing dye functionalized with a functional group that includes a primary amine. In some implementations, a method of tracing fluid flow in a subterranean formation includes mixing the functionalized fluorescent tracer into a fluid, flowing the tracer fluid into a subterranean formation, recovering a sample from a subterranean formation, and analyzing the sample for a fluorescent signal and a barcode functional group.
1. A composition comprising:
a functionalized fluorescent dye, wherein the functionalized fluorescent dye is formed from an isothiocyanate-containing dye reacted with a primary amine selected from the group consisting of benzylamine, phenethylamine, 3-phenyl-1-propylamine, 4-phenylbutylamine, and 6-phenylhexan-1-amine wherein
the isothiocyanate-containing dye is selected from the group consisting of Rhodamine B isothiocyanate, an isomer thereof, tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate, and an isomer thereof.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the isothiocyanate-containing dye is Rhodamine B isothiocyanate.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the isothiocyanate-containing dye is Rhodamine B isothiocyanate, and the primary amine is benzylamine.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the isothiocyanate-containing dye is Rhodamine B isothiocyanate, and the primary amine is phenethylamine.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the isothiocyanate-containing dye is Rhodamine B isothiocyanate, and the primary amine is 3-phenyl-1-propylamine.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the isothiocyanate-containing dye is Rhodamine B isothiocyanate, and the primary amine is 4-phenylbutylamine.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the isothiocyanate-containing dye is Rhodamine B isothiocyanate, and the primary amine is 6-phenylhexan-1-amine.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the isothiocyanate-containing dye is tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the isothiocyanate-containing dye is tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate, and the primary amine is benzylamine.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the isothiocyanate-containing dye is tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate, and the primary amine is phenethylamine.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the isothiocyanate-containing dye is tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate, and the primary amine is 3-phenyl-1-propylamine.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the isothiocyanate-containing dye is tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate, and the primary amine is 4-phenylbutylamine.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the isothiocyanate-containing dye is tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate, and the primary amine is 6-phenylhexan-1-amine.
14. A composition comprising:
a functionalized fluorescent dye, wherein the functionalized fluorescent dye is formed from an isothiocyanate-containing dye reacted with a primary amine selected from the group consisting of 3-phenyl-1-propylamine, 4-phenylbutylamine, and 6-phenylhexan-1-amine wherein
the isothiocyanate-containing dye is fluorescein isothiocyanate, or an isomer thereof.
15. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the primary amine is 3-phenyl-1-propylamine.
16. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the primary amine is 4-phenylbutylamine.
17. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the primary amine is 6-phenylhexan-1-amine.