Long-term fire retardant with corrosion inhibitors and methods for making and using same
A forest fire retardant composition contains a retardant compound that includes a phosphate salt. The phosphate salt may include diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, monoammonium phosphate, monoammonium orthophosphate, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, or dipotassium phosphate, and combinations thereof. The forest fire retardant composition may include an ammonium source. The composition may be in the form of a dry concentrate, a liquid concentrate, or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.
1. A forest fire retardant concentrate, comprising:
a retardant compound comprising at least one of diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, or trisodium phosphate;
further comprising at least one of monoammonium phosphate, monoammonium orthophosphate, monosodium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate, or sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate;
a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 3.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate;
a strong acid or weak acid; and
a thickening agent, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 5.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate;
wherein:
the concentrate has a molar ratio of ammoniacal nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P molar ratio) of less than 1.05 or greater than 1.95.
2. The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the retardant compound comprises not more than two ammonium phosphates and at least one of monosodium phosphate or disodium phosphate.
3. The concentrate of claim 2 , wherein the retardant comprises not more than one ammonium phosphate.
4. The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the strong acid or weak acid comprises at least one of monosodium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bisulfate, monosodium dihydrogen orthophosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium bisulfite, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid, hyposulfurous acid, persulfuric acid, pyrosulfuric acid, disulfurous acid, dithionous acid, tetrathionic acid, thiosulfurous acid, hydrosulfuric acid, peroxydisulfuric acid, perchloric acid, hydrochloric acid, hypochlorous acid, chlorous acid, chloric acid, hyponitrous acid, nitrous acid, nitric acid, pernitric acid, carbonous acid, carbonic acid, hypocarbonous acid, percarbonic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, pyrophosphoric acid, hydrophosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, bromous acid, bromic acid, hypobromous acid, hypoiodous acid, iodous acid, iodic acid, periodic acid, hydroiodic acid, hydroselenic acid, selenic acid, selenous acid, hydronitric acid, boric acid, molybdic acid, perxenic acid, silicofluoric acid, telluric acid, tellurous acid, tungstic acid, xenic acid, citric acid, formic acid, pyroantimonic acid, antimonic acid, antimonous acid, silicic acid, titanic acid, arsenic acid, pertechnetic acid, hydroarsenic acid, tetraboric acid, metastannic acid, hypooxalous acid, silicous acid, uranic acid, diuranic acid, malonic acid, tartartic acid, glutamic acid, phthalic acid, azelaic acid, barbituric acid, benzilic acid, cinnamic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, gluconic acid, hexanoic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, oleic acid, folic acid, propiolic acid, propionic acid, rosolic acid, stearic acid, tannic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, uric acid, ascorbic acid, gallic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, acetic acid, or an acidic organic amine.
5. The concentrate of claim 4 , wherein:
the retardant compound comprises diammonium phosphate; and
the strong acid or weak acid comprises at least one of citric acid or monosodium phosphate.
6. The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises an alkyl amine, one or more azoles, and disodium molybdate dihydrate.
7. The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the thickening agent comprises a polysaccharide gum.
8. The concentrate of claim 1 , further comprising a colorant, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.04% to about 6.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate, wherein the colorant comprises at least one of an inorganic pigment and an organic pigment.
9. The concentrate of claim 8 , wherein the organic pigment comprises a fluorescent pigment.
10. The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the concentrate is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
11. A forest fire retardant concentrate, comprising:
a retardant compound comprising at least one of monoammonium phosphate, monoammonium orthophosphate, monosodium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate, or sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate;
a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 3.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate;
a strong base or weak base; and
a thickening agent, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 5.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate;
wherein:
the concentrate has a molar ratio of ammoniacal nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P molar ratio) of less than 1.05 or greater than 1.95.
12. The concentrate of claim 11 , further comprising at least one of diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, or trisodium phosphate.
13. The concentrate of claim 12 , wherein:
the retardant compound comprises monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate; and
the strong acid or weak acid comprises disodium phosphate.
14. The concentrate of claim 12 , wherein the retardant compound comprises:
not more than two ammonium phosphates; and
at least one of monosodium phosphate or disodium phosphate.
15. The concentrate of claim 14 , wherein the retardant comprises not more than one ammonium phosphate.
16. The concentrate of claim 11 , wherein the strong base or weak base comprises disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, dipotassium phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium acetate, tri sodium citrate, trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, diammonium citrate, sodium borate, sodium N-Cyclohexyl-2-aminoethanesulfonate, sodium 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonate, sodium N-(2-Acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonate, sodium N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonate, sodium 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonate, sodium 3-[4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propane-1-sulfonate, sodium sulfide, zinc chloride hydroxide, magnesium oxychloride, aluminum hydroxide, bismuth oxychloride, beryllium hydroxide, boron hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, cobalt(III) hydroxide, copper(II) hydroxide, gallium(III) hydroxide, gold(III) hydroxide, indium(II) hydroxide, iridium(III) hydroxide, iron(III) hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, molybdenum hydroxide, nickel oxo-hydroxide, nickel(III) hydroxide, osmium(IV) hydroxide, silver hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, technetium(II) hydroxide, thorium hydroxide, tin(IV) hydroxide, titanium(III) hydroxide, tungsten(II) hydroxide, yttrium hydroxide, zirconium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, bismuth(III) hydroxide, cerium(III) hydroxide, chromium(II) hydroxide, cobalt(II) hydroxide, copper(I) hydroxide, gallium(II) hydroxide, gold(I) hydroxide, indium(I) hydroxide, indium(III) hydroxide, iron(II) hydroxide, lanthanum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, neodymium hydroxide, nickel(II) hydroxide, niobium hydroxide, palladium(II) hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, tantalum(V) hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, thallium(III) hydroxide, tin(II) hydroxide, titanium(II) hydroxide, titanium(IV) hydroxide, uranyl hydroxide, vanadium(III) hydroxide, ytterbium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, or a basic organic amine.
17. The concentrate of claim 11 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises an alkyl amine, one or more azoles, and disodium molybdate dihydrate.
18. The concentrate of claim 11 , wherein the thickening agent comprises a polysaccharide gum.
19. The concentrate of claim 11 , further comprising a colorant, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.04% to about 6.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate, wherein the colorant comprises at least one of an inorganic pigment and an organic pigment.
20. The concentrate of claim 19 , wherein the organic pigment comprises a fluorescent pigment.
21. The concentrate of claim 11 , wherein the concentrate is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
22. A forest fire retardant final diluted product, comprising:
a retardant compound comprising a phosphate salt;
a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 3.0% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product;
a buffering agent present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 7% to about 56% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product;
a thickening agent, present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 5.0% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product; and
water;
wherein: the final diluted product is intended for use to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires; the pH of the final diluted product is about 6.0 to about 6.5;
the final diluted product has a molar ratio of ammoniacal nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P molar ratio) of less than 1.05; and
the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 6% to about 28% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product.
23. The final diluted product of claim 22 , wherein the phosphate salt comprises at least one of diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, monoammonium phosphate, monoammonium orthophosphate, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, tri sodium phosphate, or dipotassium phosphate.
24. The final diluted product of claim 23 , wherein the phosphate salt comprises not more than one ammonium phosphate.
25. The final diluted product of claim 24 , wherein the phosphate salt comprises:
at least one of diammonium phosphate or monoammonium phosphate; and
at least one of di sodium phosphate, monosodium phosphate, or dipotassium phosphate.
26. The final diluted product of claim 24 , wherein the phosphate salt does not comprise ammonium phosphate.
27. The final diluted product of claim 23 , further comprising an ammonium source.
28. The final diluted product of claim 27 , wherein the ammonium source comprises at least one of ammonium chloride, ammonium acetate, ammonium citrate, or ammonium sulfate.
29. The final diluted product of claim 22 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises an alkyl amine, one or more azoles, and disodium molybdate dihydrate.