Systems and methods for low power excitation in high power wireless power systems
Disclosed herein are systems and methods for low power excitation of wireless power transmitters configured to transmit high power. The exemplary systems and methods include disabling a power factor correction circuit of the transmitter, and adjusting one or more variable impedance components of the impedance network to obtain a minimum attainable impedance. The variable impedance components can be configured to operate between the minimum attainable impedance and a maximum attainable impedance. The systems and methods can include adjusting a phase shift angle associated with one or more transistors of the inverter and driving the transmitter such that the transmitter resonator coil generates a magnetic flux density less than or equal to a field safety threshold.
1. A wireless power transmitter configured to transmit high power to a wireless power receiver, the transmitter comprising:
a DC voltage bus;
an inverter including at least two transistors, the inverter having an input coupled to the DC voltage bus;
at least one variable impedance component coupled to an output of the inverter;
a resonator coil configured to generate a magnetic flux density; and
at least one controller configured to:
determine whether the transmitter is aligned with the receiver;
operate, in response to a determination that the transmitter is not aligned with the receiver, the transmitter in a low power excitation (LPE) mode; and
adjust, during the LPE mode, at least one of a voltage level of the DC voltage bus, a phase shift angle associated with at least one transistor of the inverter, or an impedance of the at least one variable impedance component such that the magnetic flux density generated by the resonator coil is less than or equal to a field safety threshold.
2. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 , further comprising a power factor correction (PFC) circuit having an output coupled to the DC voltage bus.
3. The wireless power transmitter of claim 2 , further comprising a low voltage source coupled to the DC voltage bus, wherein adjusting the voltage level of the DC voltage bus during the LPE mode includes disabling the PFC circuit and providing DC power from the low voltage source to the DC voltage bus.
4. The wireless power transmitter of claim 3 , wherein the low voltage source is one of a variable low voltage source or a fixed low voltage source.
5. The wireless power transmitter of claim 2 , wherein adjusting the voltage level of the DC voltage bus during the LPE mode includes controlling the PFC circuit to output a minimum bus voltage, the PFC circuit being configured to output a bus voltage between the minimum bus voltage and a maximum bus voltage.
6. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the at least one controller is further configured to:
operate, in response to a determination that the transmitter is aligned with the receiver, the transmitter in a wireless power transmission (WPT) mode.
7. The wireless power transmitter of claim 6 , wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit power at a power level between 500 W and 20,000 W in the WPT mode.
8. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit power at a power level between 1 W and 50 W in the LPE mode.
9. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 , wherein determining whether the transmitter is aligned with the receiver includes performing at least one of an environmental check or a safety check.
10. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 further comprising:
a controller operably coupled to at least one of: (i) the at least two transistors or (ii) the at least one variable impedance component; and
a current sensor coupled to the resonator coil and configured to provide a signal representative of at least one characteristic of a current in the resonator coil to the controller, the at least one characteristic including a level, a phase, and/or a frequency of the current in the resonator coil.
11. A method for low power excitation of a wireless power transmitter configured to transmit high power to a wireless power receiver, the transmitter including a DC voltage bus, an inverter having an input coupled to the DC voltage bus, at least one variable impedance network coupled to an output of the inverter, and a resonator coil configured to generate a magnetic flux density, the method comprising:
determining whether the transmitter is aligned with the receiver;
operating, in response to a determination that the transmitter is not aligned with the receiver, the transmitter in a low power excitation (LPE) mode; and
adjusting, during the LPE mode, at least one of a voltage level of the DC voltage bus, a phase shift angle associated with at least one transistors of the inverter, or an impedance of the at least one variable impedance component such that the magnetic flux density generated by the resonator coil is less than or equal to a field safety threshold.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the transmitter includes a power factor correction (PFC) circuit having an output coupled to the DC voltage bus.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the transmitter includes a low voltage source coupled to the DC voltage bus, wherein adjusting the voltage level of the DC voltage bus during the LPE mode includes disabling the PFC circuit and providing DC power from the low voltage source to the DC voltage bus.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the low voltage source is one of a variable low voltage source and a fixed low voltage source.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein adjusting the voltage level of the DC voltage bus during the LPE mode includes controlling the PFC circuit to output a minimum bus voltage, the PFC circuit being configured to output a bus voltage between the minimum bus voltage and a maximum bus voltage.
16. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
operating, in response to a determination that the transmitter is aligned with the receiver, the transmitter in a wireless power transmission (WPT) mode.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit power at a power level between 500 W and 20,000 W in the WPT mode.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit power at a power level between 1 W and 50 W in the LPE mode.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the transmitter includes a controller operably coupled to at least one of: (i) the at least two transistors or (ii) the at least one variable impedance component, and a current sensor coupled to the resonator coil, the method further comprising:
providing, via the current sensor, a signal representative of at least one characteristic of the current in the resonator coil to the controller, the at least one characteristic including a level, a phase, and/or a frequency of the current in the resonator coil.
20. The method of claim 11 , wherein determining whether the transmitter is aligned with the receiver includes performing at least one of an environmental check or a safety check.
21. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the transmitter is configured to operate in the LPE mode when in the presence of the receiver.
22. The method of claim 11 , wherein the transmitter is configured to operate in the LPE mode when in the presence of the receiver.