Nitrodiarylethenes as fluorescence quenchers for nucleic acid probes
Fluorescence quenching nitrodiarylethene analogs are useful in oligonucleotide conjugates and probes. These analogs, whose absorption spectra are substantially blue-shifted relatively to emission spectra of common fluorophores (such as fluorescein), do not need to rely on spectral overlap of quencher absorbance and fluorophore's emission for their quenching abilities. The oligonucleotide-quencher conjugates may be used in detection methods for nucleic acid targets.
1. A quencher reagent for oligonucleotide labeling having the formula:
(R 1 )(R 2 )Y—(—Ar 1 —CR 3 ═CR 4 —) n —Ar 2
wherein Ar 1 is a substituted phenyl and Ar 2 is a substituted acridone, wherein Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently substituted with one or more of H, (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl, halogen, alkyloxy, phenyl, or combinations thereof, and at least one of Ar 1 and Ar 2 is substituted with one or more NO 2 groups;
R 3 and R 4 are independently H or (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl;
n is 1;
Y is a linking group connecting Ar 1 with R 1 and R 2 and having from 1 to 100 main chain atoms selected from C, N, O, S, P and Si;
R 1 is a phosphoramidite having the formula —OP(N(iPr) 2 )(OCH 2 CH 2 CN)) or a linking group attached to a solid support having the formula —O—C(═O)Z-solid support, wherein iPr is isopropyl, and wherein Z is 1 to 30 main chain atoms in length wherein the main chain atoms are selected from C, N, O, P, and S; and
R 2 is H, or a dimethoxytrityl-protected hydroxyl group.
2. The quencher reagent of claim 1 , wherein Y further comprises acyclic, cyclic, or aromatic groups, or combinations thereof.
3. The quencher reagent of claim 1 , wherein Z further comprises acyclic, cyclic, or aromatic groups, or combinations thereof.
4. The quencher reagent of claim 1 , having the formula:
5. A fluorescence quenching compound having the formula:
wherein Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl group and Ar 2 is substituted with one or more NO 2 groups;
R 1 is a DMT-protected hydroxyl group;
R 2 is a phosphoramidite of the formula —O—P(N(iPr) 2 )(OCH 2 CH 2 CN)), or a linking group attached to a solid support of the formula —O—C(═O)Z-solid support wherein Z is 1 to 30 main chain atoms in length wherein the main chain atoms are selected from C, N, O, P, and S; and
R 3 and R 4 are independently H or (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl.
6. The fluorescence quenching compound of claim 5 , wherein Z further comprises acyclic, cyclic, or aromatic groups, or combinations thereof.
7. A method of preparing an oligonucleotide conjugate labeled with a quencher, comprising:
performing a stepwise oligonucleotide synthesis wherein at least one step of the synthesis comprises introducing the fluorescence quenching compound of claim 5 to produce an oligonucleotide conjugate labeled with a quencher, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a nucleic acid backbone having at least two internal nucleotide units and terminal nucleotide units, and wherein the oligonucleotide conjugate is capable of forming a nucleic acid duplex with improved thermodynamic stability.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein at least a portion of the fluorescence quenching compound is incorporated between the two internal nucleotide units of the oligonucleotide to form the oligonucleotide conjugate.
9. The oligonucleotide conjugate prepared by the method of claim 8 .
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein at least a portion of the fluorescence quenching compound is incorporated at a terminal nucleotide unit of the oligonucleotide to form the oligonucleotide conjugate.
11. The oligonucleotide conjugate prepared by the method of claim 10 .
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the nucleic acid backbone of the oligonucleotide comprises DNA, RNA or LNA.
13. The method of claim 7 , wherein the oligonucleotide conjugate further comprises a fluorophore.
14. The method of claim 7 , wherein the oligonucleotide conjugate further comprises a minor groove binder.
15. The oligonucleotide conjugate produced by the method of claim 7 .