BRAND SQUATTING DOMAIN DETECTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS
The present application provides a system for detecting brand squatting domains with a three-stage detection pipeline having three different classifiers. The provided system helps predict whether an unknown domain will be malicious. The first classifier detects abusive brand squatting domains, such as those that impersonate exact popular brand names, as soon as the domains are registered. The second classifier detects abusive brand squatting domains when hosting information becomes available, in combination with the information available for the first classifier. The third classifier detects abusive brand squatting domains when certificate information associated with domains is available, in combination with the information available for the first and second classifiers. The performance of each classifier improves from the first to the second to the third with the first classifier making determinations with the least information and the third classifier making determinations with the most information.
1 . A system for detecting brand squatting domains comprising:
a memory; and
a processor in communication with the memory, the processor configured to:
receive or acquire newly registered domain information including a plurality of domain names,
determine, using at least one first model, a first likelihood of whether a first domain name of the plurality of domain names is a brand squatting domain based on the first domain name,
receive or acquire hosting information for at least some of the plurality of domain names including the first domain name,
determine, using at least one second model, a second likelihood of whether the first domain name is a brand squatting domain based on the hosting information of the first domain name,
receive or acquire certificate information for at least some of the plurality of domain names including the first domain name, and
determine, using at least one third model, a third likelihood of whether the first domain name is a brand squatting domain based on the certificate information of the first domain name.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first model is trained to detect brand squatting domains based on a dataset of abusive and non-abusive domain names.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one second model is trained to detect brand squatting domains based on hosting information of abusive and non-abusive domain names.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one third model is trained to detect brand squatting domains based on certificate information of abusive and non-abusive domain names.
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the second likelihood of whether the first domain name is a brand squatting domain is determined further based on the first domain name.
6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the third likelihood of whether the first domain name is a brand squatting domain is determined further based on the first domain name and the hosting information of the first domain name.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first model, the at least one second model, and the at least one third model are each random forest classifiers.
8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first model is trained on at least features included in the group consisting of a plurality of suspicious keywords, a length of a domain name, a quantity of minus signs in a domain name, whether a top-level domain is a previously known top-level domain with low reputation, a position of a brand in a domain name, and a quantity of generic top-level domains present within a domain name.
9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first model is trained on at least features included in the group consisting of a quantity of days a domain registration is valid from a last update date to a registration expiration date, a WHOIS name of a domain registrar, whether a domain is parked, whether a top-level domain of a name server is suspicious, whether a domain is re-registered, and whether a domain and NS 2LD are matching.
10 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one second model is trained on at least features included in the group consisting of a quantity of authoritative name servers for all domains belonging to a given apex, whether at least one name server domain is a suspicious top-level domain, a quantity of IPs on which the domains belonging to the apex are hosted, a quantity of start of authority domains for all domains belonging to a given apex, and whether a name server 2LD matches with an apex domain.
11 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one third model is trained on at least features included in the group consisting of an average number of levels of all subdomains belonging to a given apex domain, an average length of domains belonging to a given apex domain, an average number of brands included across all domains for a given apex domain, and an average number of minus signs included across all domains for a given apex domain.
12 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one third model is trained on at least features included in the group consisting of a quantity of certificates related to all domains belonging to a given apex domain, a quantity of star domains across all related certificates for a given domain, a mean of certificate validity duration, a standard deviation of the certificate validity duration, a minimum certificate validity duration, a maximum certificate validity duration, a mean of a quantity of domains in certificates, a standard deviation of the quantity of domains in certificates, a minimum quantity of domains in certificates, a maximum quantity of domains in certificates, a mean of a quantity of apex domains in certificates, a standard deviation of the quantity of apex domains in certificates, a minimum quantity of apex domains in certificates, and a maximum quantity of apex domains in certificates.
13 . A method for detecting brand squatting domains comprising:
receiving or acquiring newly registered domain information including a plurality of domain names;
determining, using at least one first model, a first likelihood of whether a first domain name of the plurality of domain names is a brand squatting domain based on the first domain name;
receiving or acquiring hosting information for at least some of the plurality of domain names including the first domain name;
determining, using at least one second model, a second likelihood of whether the first domain name is a brand squatting domain based on the hosting information of the first domain name;
receiving or acquiring certificate information for at least some of the plurality of domain names including the first domain name; and
determining, using at least one third model, a third likelihood of whether the first domain name is a brand squatting domain based on the certificate information of the first domain name.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the second likelihood is determined subsequent in time to the first likelihood being determined.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the third likelihood is determined subsequent in time to both the first and second likelihoods being determined.
16 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the certificate information is received or acquired subsequent in time to the hosting information being received or acquired, which is subsequent in time to the newly registered domain information being received or acquired.
17 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the newly registered domain information is included in a WHOIS record.
18 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the hosting information is included in a pDNS database.
19 . A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing instructions, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
receive or acquire newly registered domain information including a plurality of domain names;
determine, using at least one first model, a first likelihood of whether a first domain name of the plurality of domain names is a brand squatting domain based on the first domain name;
receive or acquire hosting information for at least some of the plurality of domain names including the first domain name;
determine, using at least one second model, a second likelihood of whether the first domain name is a brand squatting domain based on the hosting information of the first domain name;
receive or acquire certificate information for at least some of the plurality of domain names including the first domain name; and
determine, using at least one third model, a third likelihood of whether the first domain name is a brand squatting domain based on the certificate information of the first domain name.
20 . The non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing instructions of claim 19 , wherein the certificate information is included in a certificate for the first domain name of a CT log feed.