Apparatus and methods to modulate bladder function

1. A method to modulate function of a patient's bladder, the method comprising:

positioning an elongate energy delivery element within non-superficial target tissue of a trigone region of the bladder so that the elongate energy delivery element is generally parallel to a mucosal surface of the bladder; and

delivering ablation energy from the elongate energy delivery element into the non-superficial target tissue, thereby ablating the non-superficial target tissue, without ablating the mucosal surface.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elongate energy delivery element is positioned within the trigone region of the bladder via a vagina of the patient.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the delivered ablation energy comprises at least one of RF electrical energy, microwave energy, laser energy, cryo energy, ultrasound energy, and electrocautery energy.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the delivered ablation energy heats to thereby ablate the non-superficial target tissue, and wherein the amount of delivered ablation energy is limited in order to avoid incidental ablative heating of the mucosal surface of the bladder.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of ablation energy delivered to the non-superficial target tissue is limited in order to maintain cellular viability of the mucosal surface of the bladder.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of ablation energy delivered to the non-superficial target tissue is limited in order to preserve viability of a glycosaminoglycan layer on the mucosal surface of the bladder.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein ablation of the non-superficial target tissue modulates nerve traffic to or from at least a portion of the bladder.

8. A method to modulate function of a patient's bladder, the method comprising:

positioning an elongate energy delivery element within non-superficial target tissue of a trigone region of the bladder; and

delivering ablation energy to the non-superficial target tissue from the elongate energy delivery element, thereby creating a substantially planar ablation zone at a uniform depth below a mucosal surface of the bladder, without ablating the mucosal surface.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the elongate energy delivery element is positioned within the trigone region of the bladder via a vagina of the patient.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the delivered ablation energy comprises at least one of RF electrical energy, microwave energy, laser energy, cryo energy, ultrasound energy, and electrocautery energy.

11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the delivered ablation energy heats to thereby ablate the non-superficial target tissue, and wherein the amount of delivered ablation energy is limited in order to avoid incidental ablative heating of the mucosal surface of the bladder.

12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the amount of ablation energy delivered to the non-superficial target tissue is limited in order to maintain cellular viability of the mucosal surface of the bladder.

13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the amount of ablation energy delivered to the non-superficial target tissue is limited in order to preserve viability of a glycosaminoglycan layer on the mucosal surface of the bladder.

14. The method of claim 8 , wherein ablation of the non-superficial target tissue modulates nerve traffic to or from at least a portion of the bladder.

15. A method to modulate function of a patient's bladder, the method comprising:

maneuvering a tissue ablation device into contact with a mucosal surface of an anterior wall of a vagina of the patient; and

delivering ablation energy from the tissue ablation device into non-superficial target tissue underneath the mucosal surface, thereby ablating the non-superficial target tissue, without ablating the mucosal surface,

wherein ablating the non-superficial target tissue comprises one or both of

creating a linear ablation pattern in the non-superficial target tissue that substantially circumscribes a trigone region of the bladder, and

creating an ablation pattern that substantially encompasses the trigone region.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the delivered ablation energy comprises at least one of RF electrical energy, microwave energy, laser energy, cryo energy, ultrasound energy, and electrocautery energy.

17. The method of claim 15 , wherein ablation of the non-superficial target tissue modulates nerve traffic to or from at least a portion of the bladder.

18. The method of claim 15 , further comprising applying suction to the mucosal surface via a surface of the tissue ablation device, such that the mucosal surface conforms to the surface of the tissue ablation device while the ablation energy is delivered into the non-superficial target tissue via at least one energy delivery element of the tissue ablation device.

19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the delivered ablation energy heats to thereby ablate the non-superficial target tissue, and wherein the amount of delivered ablation energy is limited in order to avoid incidental ablative heating of a mucosal surface of the bladder.

20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the amount of ablation energy delivered to the non-superficial target tissue is limited in order to maintain cellular viability of a mucosal surface of the bladder including preserving viability of a glycosaminoglycan layer on the mucosal surface of the bladder.