Solid electrolyte membrane, and solid-state lithium metal battery, battery module, battery pack, and apparatus containing such solid electrolyte membrane
The solid electrolyte membrane in this application has a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, where the first surface is provided with several micropores that extend into an interior of the solid electrolyte membrane without penetrating to the second surface. This application further provides a solid-state lithium metal battery, battery module, battery pack, and apparatus containing such solid electrolyte membrane. In the solid electrolyte membrane provided in this application, the micropores provided on the first surface of the solid electrolyte membrane do not penetrate to the opposite second surface, so that lithium ions can be induced to deposit in the micropores. This reduces the risk of lithium dendrites growing or even penetrating through the solid electrolyte membrane due to non-uniform deposition of lithium ions at other locations, thereby preventing short circuit of a solid-state lithium metal battery.
1 . A solid electrolyte membrane having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein
the first surface is provided with a plurality of isolated and non-overlapping micropores by imprinting the first surface using a mold or roller having a plurality of protrusions extending into an interior of the solid electrolyte membrane without penetrating to the second surface, and
a projection of each of the plurality of micropores on the second surface along a normal direction of the membrane on the second surface is isolated from, and non-overlapping with, a projection of any other micropore of the plurality of micropores.
2 . The solid electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein an average diameter of the plurality of micropores is from 1 μm to 100 μm; and a distribution density of the plurality of micropores on the first surface is from 10 2 pores per cm 2 to 10 4 pores per cm 2 .
3 . The solid electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein a pore wall of the plurality of micropores is perpendicular to the first surface or form an acute angle with the first surface.
4 . The solid electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of micropores do not communicate with each other.
5 . The solid electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of micropores have secondary micropores inside; and the secondary micropores do not penetrate to the second surface, and the secondary micropores do not communicate with each other.
6 . The solid electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of electronic insulators on the second surface, and the plurality of electronic insulators are located at projections of the plurality of micropores along a normal direction of the membrane on the second surface.
7 . The solid electrolyte membrane according to claim 6 , wherein a material of the electronic insulator comprises organic polymers; and a thickness of the electronic insulator is from 1 μm to 100 μm.
8 . The solid electrolyte membrane according to claim 6 , wherein projections of the plurality of electronic insulators along the normal direction of the membrane on the second surface cover the projections of the plurality of micropores on the second surface, but do not fully cover the second surface.
9 . The solid electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein a material of the solid electrolyte membrane comprises one or more of polymer solid electrolytes, sulfide solid electrolytes, and oxide solid electrolytes.
10 . A solid-state lithium metal battery, comprising a positive electrode membrane, the solid electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , and a negative electrode membrane that are stacked in sequence, wherein the first surface of the solid electrolyte membrane is adjacent to the negative electrode membrane, and the second surface of the solid electrolyte membrane is adjacent to the positive electrode membrane.
11 . A battery module, comprising the solid-state lithium metal battery according to claim 10 .
12 . A battery pack, comprising the battery module according to claim 11 .
13 . An apparatus, comprising the battery pack according to claim 12 .
14 . The solid electrolyte membrane according to claim 7 , wherein the organic polymers comprise fiber, rubber, or plastic.