Distributed battery management system for electric vehicle
A distributed battery management system for a multi-module traction battery pack of an electric vehicle is provided. The battery management system comprises an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) integrated into a battery module of the traction battery pack of the electric vehicle, and a master controller external to the battery module and in digital data communication with the ADC. The ADC converts an analog signal indicative of a sensed voltage associated with one or more cells of the battery module into a digital signal indicative of the sensed voltage. The master controller performs a function associated with the traction battery pack of the electric vehicle based on the sensed voltage.
1 . An electric vehicle comprising:
two battery modules each comprising a plurality of battery cells;
a modular distributed battery management system comprising:
a central battery management controller located remotely from the two battery modules; and
two integrated battery module controllers connected together in a daisy chain configuration via a data bus, each integrated battery module controller being integrated into a printed circuit board (PCB) that is mounted to a same side of a respective one of the two battery modules as tabs associated with the plurality of battery cells of the respective one of the two battery modules;
wherein:
each integrated battery module controller comprises an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) on the PCB and at least one connector for connecting to the tabs of the plurality of battery cells of its respective battery module;
the at least one connector is configured to generate an analog signal indicative of a sensed voltage associated with at least one battery cell of the plurality of battery cells of its respective battery module;
the ADC is configured to convert the analog signal to a digital signal indicative of the sensed voltage;
a distance between the ADC and the at least one connector is between 20-100 mm; and
the central battery management controller is in digital data communication with each ADC of the two integrated battery module controllers via the data bus to receive each digital signal.
2 . The electric vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the distance between the ADC and the at least one connector of each integrated battery module controller is between 40-50 mm.
3 . The electric vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of battery cells of each battery module comprises greater than 4 battery cells.
4 . The electric vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of battery cells of each battery module comprises 12 battery cells.
5 . The electric vehicle of claim 4 , wherein the at least one connector of each integrated battery module controller comprises 7 connectors, the distance between each of the 7 connectors and the ADC of the integrated battery module controller is between 20-100 mm.
6 . The electric vehicle of claim 1 , wherein:
each battery module comprises a thermistor; and
a distance between each thermistor and the ADC of the respective integrated battery module controller is less than 100 mm.
7 . The electric vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of battery cells of each battery module is a plurality of battery pouch cells.
8 . The electric vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the distance between the ADC and the at least one connector of each integrated battery module controller is between 35-60 mm.
9 . The electric vehicle of claim 1 , wherein each battery module comprises a prismatic enclosure containing its respective plurality of battery cells.
10 . The electric vehicle of claim 9 , wherein the battery modules are arranged in a stack.
11 . A distributed battery management system for a multi-module traction battery pack of an electric vehicle, the distributed battery management system comprising:
a first module controller comprising a first analog-to-digital converter (ADC) integrated into a first battery module of the traction battery pack of the electric vehicle, the first ADC converting an analog signal indicative of a first sensed voltage associated with one or more cells of the first battery module into a first digital signal indicative of the first sensed voltage;
a second module controller comprising a second ADC integrated into a second battery module of the traction battery pack of the electric vehicle, the second ADC converting an analog signal indicative of a second sensed voltage associated with one or more cells of the second battery module into a second digital signal indicative of the second sensed voltage, wherein the first module controller and the second module controller are connected together in a daisy chain configuration via a data bus; and
a master controller that performs a function associated with the traction battery pack of the electric vehicle based on the first sensed voltage and the second sensed voltage, the master controller being external to the first battery module and the second battery module and in digital data communication with the first ADC and the second ADC via the data bus to receive the first digital signal indicative of the first sensed voltage from the first ADC and receive the second digital signal indicative of the second sensed voltage from the second ADC.
12 . The distributed battery management system as defined in claim 11 , wherein the data bus comprises a controller area network (CAN) bus.
13 . The distributed battery management system as defined in claim 11 , comprising a printed circuit board on which the first ADC is installed, the printed circuit board defining an electric conductor establishing electric communication from the first ADC to a voltage sensing location associated with the one or more cells of the first battery module, a length of the electric conductor being less than or equal to 100 mm.
14 . The distributed battery management system as defined in claim 11 , wherein:
the one or more cells of the first battery module include a plurality of cells of the first battery module;
the first ADC is electrically connected to a plurality of voltage sensing locations associated with the plurality of cells of the first battery module; and
the first ADC converts a plurality of analog signals indicative of respective sensed voltages at the plurality of voltage sensing locations into digital signals indicative of the respective sensed voltages.
15 . An electric powersport vehicle comprising the distributed battery management system as defined in claim 11 .
16 . The distributed battery management system as defined in claim 11 , wherein:
the first module controller is coupled to a face of the first battery module; and
the second module controller is coupled to a face of the second battery module.
17 . The electric vehicle of claim 1 , wherein, for each integrated battery module controller:
the at least one connector is configured to generate a plurality of analog signals indicative of sensed voltages associated with the plurality of battery cells of its respective battery module; and
the ADC is configured to convert the plurality of analog signals into digital signals indicative of the sensed voltages.
18 . The electric vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the data bus comprises a controller area network (CAN) bus.
19 . The electric vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the printed circuit board defines an electric conductor establishing electric communication from the ADC to the at least one connector that is connected to a voltage sensing location associated with the at least one battery cell of the respective battery module, a length of the electric conductor being less than or equal to 100 mm.
20 . A distributed battery management system for a multi-module traction battery pack of an electric vehicle, the distributed battery management system comprising:
a first module controller comprising a first analog-to-digital converter (ADC) integrated into a first printed circuit board (PCB) that is mounted to a first battery module of the traction battery pack, the first PCB being mounted to a same side of the first battery module as first tabs associated with one of more cells of the first battery module, the first ADC converting an analog signal indicative of a first sensed voltage associated with the one or more cells of the first battery module into a first digital signal indicative of the first sensed voltage;
a second module controller comprising a second ADC integrated into a second PCB that is mounted to a second battery module of the traction battery pack, the second PCB being mounted to a same side of the second battery module as second tabs associated with one or more cells of the second battery module, the second ADC converting an analog signal indicative of a second sensed voltage associated with the one or more cells of the second battery module into a second digital signal indicative of the second sensed voltage, wherein the first module controller and the second module controller are connected together in a daisy chain configuration via a data bus; and
a master controller that performs a function associated with the traction battery pack of the electric vehicle based on the first sensed voltage and the second sensed voltage, the master controller being external to the first battery module and the second battery module and in digital data communication with the first ADC and the second ADC via the data bus to receive the first digital signal indicative of the first sensed voltage from the first ADC and receive the second digital signal indicative of the second sensed voltage from the second ADC.
21 . The distributed battery management system as defined in claim 20 , wherein:
the first PCB is soldered to metallic strips that are welded to the first tabs of the one or more cells of the first battery module; and
the second PCB is soldered to metallic strips that are welded to the second tabs of the one or more cells of the second battery module.