Subsonic polymeric ammunition cartridge
The present invention provides a subsonic ammunition cartridge including a polymeric casing body comprising a generally cylindrical hollow polymer body having a body base at a first end thereof and a mouth at a second end to define a propellant chamber; a propellant insert positioned in the propellant chamber to reduce the internal volume of the propellant chamber, wherein the propellant chamber has an internal volume that is between 25 and 80% less than the open internal volume of a standard casing of equivalent caliber; and a primer insert positioned at the body base and in communication with the propellant chamber.
1. A subsonic ammunition cartridge comprising:
a polymeric casing body comprising a generally cylindrical hollow polymer body having a first end connected to a primer insert and a mouth defined at a second end and a propellant chamber formed between the first end and the second end;
a primer recess defined through a top surface of the primer insert and a primer flash hole defined through the bottom surface of the primer insert, wherein the primer recess is in fluid communication with the propellant chamber via the primer flash hole; and
a two-piece propellant insert positioned in the propellant chamber to reduce the internal volume of the propellant chamber by at least 25% in comparison to a propellant chamber of a standard cartridge of equivalent caliber, the two-piece propellant insert comprising a lower insert and an upper insert, the lower insert defining a first inner diameter and extending from the first end of the hollow polymer body toward the upper insert, the upper insert defining a second inner diameter different than the first inner diameter and extending from a top surface of the lower insert toward the mouth.
2. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein the first end of the polymer body is molded over a portion of the primer insert.
3. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein the internal volume is reduced such that the propellant chamber can not contain enough of a propellant for a projectile to exceed the velocity of 1200 feet per second at sea level.
4. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein the internal volume is reduced such that the propellant chamber can not contain enough of a propellant for a projectile to exceed a velocity of 1086 feet per second when fired.
5. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein the polymer body comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyphenylsulfone, polycarbonate, and polyamide.
6. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric casing body comprises a polymers selected from the group consisting of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyurethane prepolymer, cellulose, fluoro-polymer, ethylene inter-polymer alloy elastomer, ethylene vinyl acetate, nylon, polyether imide, polyester elastomer, polyester sulfone, polyphenyl amide, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride or thermoset polyurea elastomer, acrylics, homopolymers, acetates, copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadinen-styrene, thermoplastic fluoro polymers, inomers, polyamides, polyamide-imides, polyacrylates, polyatherketones, polyaryl-sulfones, polybenzimidazoles, polycarbonates, polybutylene, terephthalates, polyether imides, polyether sulfones, thermoplastic polyimides, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyphenylene sulfides, polyethylene, polypropylene, polysulfones, polyvinylchlorides, styrene acrylonitriles, polystyrenes, polyphenylene, ether blends, styrene maleic anhydrides, polycarbonates, allyls, aminos, cyanates, epoxies, phenolics, unsaturated polyesters, bismaleimides, polyurethanes, silicones, vinylesters, urethane hybrids, polyphenylsulfones, copolymers of polyphenylsulfones with polyethersulfones or polysulfones, copolymers of poly-phenylsulfones with siloxanes, blends of polyphenylsulfones with polysiloxanes, poly(etherimide-siloxane) copolymers, blends of polyetherimides and polysiloxanes, and blends of polyetherimides and poly(etherimidesiloxane) copolymers.
7. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein the propellant insert comprises a polymers selected from the group consisting of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyurethane prepolymer, cellulose, fluoro-polymer, ethylene inter-polymer alloy elastomer, ethylene vinyl acetate, nylon, polyether imide, polyester elastomer, polyester sulfone, polyphenyl amide, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride or thermoset polyurea elastomer, acrylics, homopolymers, acetates, copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadinen-styrene, thermoplastic fluoro polymers, inomers, polyamides, polyamide-imides, polyacrylates, polyatherketones, polyaryl-sulfones, polybenzimidazoles, polycarbonates, polybutylene, terephthalates, polyether imides, polyether sulfones, thermoplastic polyimides, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyphenylene sulfides, polyethylene, polypropylene, polysulfones, polyvinylchlorides, styrene acrylonitriles, polystyrenes, polyphenylene, ether blends, styrene maleic anhydrides, polycarbonates, allyls, aminos, cyanates, epoxies, phenolics, unsaturated polyesters, bismaleimides, polyurethanes, silicones, vinylesters, urethane hybrids, polyphenylsulfones, copolymers of polyphenylsulfones with polyethersulfones or polysulfones, copolymers of poly-phenylsulfones with siloxanes, blends of polyphenylsulfones with polysiloxanes, poly(etherimide-siloxane) copolymers, blends of polyetherimides and polysiloxanes, and blends of polyetherimides and poly(etherimidesiloxane) copolymers.
8. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein the propellant insert has a substantially cylindrical shape.
9. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein the propellant insert has a free formed shape.
10. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein the propellant insert has a one or more ribs extending into the propellant chamber.
11. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein the propellant insert has a radial cross-section selected from the group consisting of circular, ovoid, octagonal, hexagonal, triangular, star, ribbed, square and a combination thereof.
12. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein a radial cross-section of the upper insert is irregular along its longitudinal length.
13. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein the second inner diameter of the upper insert tapers along its longitudinal direction.
14. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric casing body and propellant insert are formed of different polymeric materials.
15. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric casing body and propellant insert are formed of the same polymeric materials.
16. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein the first inner diameter of the lower insert is substantially uniform.
17. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 16 , wherein the first inner diameter is substantially equal to a maximum diameter of the primer flash hole.
18. The subsonic ammunition cartridge claim 1 , wherein the top surface of the lower insert is substantially flat.
19. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein first inner diameter is less than the second inner diameter.
20. The subsonic ammunition cartridge of claim 1 , wherein the lower insert and the upper insert are composed of a similar polymer material.