Systems, devices, components and methods for detecting the locations of sources of cardiac rhythm disorders in a patient's heart using improved electrographic flow (EGF) methods
Disclosed are various examples and embodiments of systems, devices, components and methods configured to estimate the action potential wave propagation in a patient's heart, and subsequently to detect at least one location or type of at least one source of, or rotational phenomenon associated with, at least one cardiac rhythm disorder using intracardiac electrodes and a modified multi-frame Horn-Schunck algorithm to generate a map corresponding to a spatial map, the map being configured to reveal on a monitor or display to a user the at least one location of the at least one source of the at least one cardiac rhythm disorder.
1. A system configured to detect at least one location of at least one source of, or rotational phenomenon associated with, at least one cardiac rhythm disorder in a patient's heart, the system comprising:
(a) at least one computing device;
(b) at least one data acquisition device operably connected to the at least one computing device or configured to provide as outputs therefrom at least one of intracardiac electrophysiological EP mapping signals (EP mapping signals);
(c) a display or monitor operably connected to the at least one computing device and configured to visually display to the user one or more maps generated by the at least one computing device;
wherein the computing device comprises at least one non-transitory computer readable medium configured to store instructions executable by at least one processor to determine the at least one location of the at least one source of, or rotational phenomenon associated with, the at least one cardiac rhythm disorder in the patient's heart, the computing device being configured to: (i) receive the intracardiac EP mapping signals from at least one of a plurality of intracardiac electrodes located inside the patient's heart, where amplitudes of the intracardiac EP mapping signals received by the at least one computing device have been at least one of conditioned, amplified, normalized, filtered, and adjusted by the data acquisition device before being provided to the computing device; (ii) assign or relate positional data corresponding to predetermined positions of the intracardiac electrodes in the patient's heart to their respective corresponding intracardiac EP mapping signals and intracardiac electrodes; (iii) generate at least one spatial map of at least one of the intracardiac electrode positions; (iv) for each or selected discrete times over which at least one of the intracardiac EP mapping signals are being processed, process the amplitude-adjusted intracardiac EP mapping signals to generate a plurality of electrogram surfaces or data grids, each such surface or data grid corresponding at least partially to the at least one spatial map, at least one surface or data grid being generated for each such time, and (v) using a modified multi-frame Horn-Schunck algorithm employing dt ranging between about 0.5 msec and about 50 msec; n ranging between about 1 and about 20; a ranging between about 1 and about 300; frames, time intervals, periods or segments ranging between about 0.5 seconds and about 5 seconds; and the corresponding number of frames analyzed in each time interval, period or segment as a function of the time interval, period, or segment duration and the sampling rate dt ranging between about 3 frames and about 200 frames, to process the plurality of electrogram surfaces or data grids through time to generate at least one map corresponding at least partially to the spatial map, the at least one map being configured to reveal the at least one location of the at least one source of, or rotational phenomenon associated with, the at least one cardiac rhythm disorder, the at least one map being shown to the user on the display or monitor.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein dt ranges between about 5 msec and about 30 msec, or between about 15 msec and about 25 msec.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein n ranges between about 3 and about 10, or between about 5 and about 8.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein a ranges between about 50 and about 150, or between about 75 and about 125.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the time intervals or segments range between about 1 second and about 4 seconds or between about 1.5 seconds and about 3 seconds.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the number of frames analyzed in each time interval or segment ranges between about 2 frames and about 200 frames, between about 10 frames and about 175 frames, between about 50 frames and about 150 frames, or between about 75 frames and about 125 frames.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electrogram surfaces or data grids are generated by the computing device using Green's function.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the vector map generated by the computing device is configured to reveal a location in the patient's heart of one or more of: (a) an active rotor; (b) a passive rotor; (c) a breakthrough point, and (d) a focal point.
9. A method of detecting at least one location of at least one source of, or rotational phenomenon associated with, at least one cardiac rhythm disorder in a patient's heart using a system comprising at least one computing device, the computing device comprising at least one non-transitory computer readable medium configured to store instructions executable by at least one processor to determine the at least one location of the at least one source of, or rotational phenomenon associated with, the at least one cardiac rhythm disorder in the patient's heart, the system further comprising a plurality intracardiac electrodes operably connected to the computing device through a data acquisition device and a monitor or screen operably connected to the computing device, the method comprising:
(a) acquiring, using the data acquisition device, intracardiac electrophysiological mapping signals (EP mapping signals) using intracardiac electrodes located within the patient's heart;
(b) using at least one of the computing device and the data acquisition device, at least one of conditioning, filtering, normalizing and adjusting the amplitudes of at least one of the acquired EP mapping signals;
(c) using the computing device, assigning positions or identifiers for the intracardiac electrodes corresponding to at least one of individual EP mapping signals;
(d) using the computing device and the assigned positions or identifiers, providing or generating a spatial map of the intracardiac electrode positions;
(e) using the computing device, for each or selected discrete times over which the EP mapping signals are being processed, processing the amplitude-adjusted EP mapping signals to generate a plurality of electrogram surfaces or data grids corresponding at least partially to the spatial map, one surface or data grid being generated for each such time, and
(f) using the computing device, and using a modified multi-frame Horn-Schunck algorithm employing dt ranging between about 0.5 msec and about 50 msec; n ranging between about 1 and about 20; a ranging between about 1 and about 300; frames, time intervals, periods or segments ranging between about 0.5 seconds and about 5 seconds; and the corresponding number of frames analyzed in each time interval, period or segment as a function of the time interval, period or segment duration and the sample rate dt ranging between about 3 frames and about 200 frames; to process the plurality of electrogram surfaces or data grids through time to generate a map corresponding at least partially to the spatial map, the map being configured to reveal on the monitor or display to a user the at least one location of the at least one source of, or rotational phenomenon associated with, the at least one cardiac rhythm disorder.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising generating the electrogram surfaces or data grids using Green's function.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein dt ranges between about 5 msec. and about 30 msec, or between about 15 msec and about 25 msec.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein n ranges between about 3 and about 10, or between about 5 and about 8.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein a ranges between about 50 and about 150, or between about 75 and about 125.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the time intervals or segments range between about 1 second and about 4 seconds or between about 1.5 seconds and about 3 seconds.
15. The method of claim 9 , wherein the number of frames analyzed in each time interval or segment ranges between about 2 frames and about 200 frames, between about 10 frames and about 175 frames, between about 50 frames and about 150 frames, or between about 75 frames and about 125 frames.