IP Library Granted Patent US 12,454,718
Granted Patent B2
US 12,454,718 · App. 17/574,780 · Granted Oct 28, 2025

Digital analyte analysis

Inventors: Jonathan William Larson (Chelsea, MA); Qun Zhong (Lexington, MA); Darren Roy Link (Lexington, MA)
Assignee: Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
C12Q1/6816C12Q1/6827C12Q1/686C12Q1/6883C12Q1/6886C12Q2600/172
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,454,718
App. No.
17/574,780
Granted
Oct 28, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

The invention generally relates to droplet based digital PCR and methods for analyzing a target nucleic acid using the same. In certain embodiments, methods of the invention involve forming sample droplets containing, on average, a single target nucleic acid, amplifying the target in the droplets, excluding droplets containing amplicon from the target and amplicon from a variant of the target, and analyzing target amplicons.

Claims (20)

1 . A method for detecting targets, the method comprising:

partitioning a sample comprising at least a first and a second nucleic acid target into a plurality of compartments, wherein one or more of the compartments comprise primers and probes that include a first primer pair specific for the first nucleic acid target, a second primer pair specific for the second nucleic acid target, a first probe that fluoresces when the first nucleic acid target is amplified, and a second probe that fluoresces when the second nucleic acid target is amplified, wherein (i) the first primer pair and the second primer pair are present in the one or more compartments at different concentrations, (ii) the first and the second probe are present in the one or more compartments at different concentrations, or (iii) the first primer pair and the second primer pair are present in the one or more compartments at different concentrations and the first probe and the second probe are present in the one or more compartments at different concentrations;

thermocycling the plurality of compartments;

detecting fluorescence of one color from one or both of the first probe and the second probe in the one or more of the compartments; and

creating a plot showing distinct clusters of compartments having the one color, each distinct cluster representing compartments that contain one or both of the first and second nucleic acid targets, and detecting presence or absence of each of the first and second nucleic acid targets in the one or more of the compartments.

2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising quantifying each of the first and second nucleic acid targets in the sample.

3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the quantifying step comprises counting positive compartments for each of the first and second nucleic acid targets.

4 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising diluting the sample prior to the partitioning step.

5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the diluting step results in most of the plurality of compartments comprising no more than one nucleic acid molecule.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the detecting flouroescence comprises optically detecting.

7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second probes are distinct fluorescent probes.

8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first probe and the second probe are each labeled with a flourophore having the one color.

9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermocycling step generates amplicons comprising copies of the targets.

10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second probes are fluorescent probes that hybridize to amplicons and fluoresce during or after the thermocycling step.

11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein each probe comprises a fluorescent dye and binds specifically to a target or amplified copy of the target.

12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plot shows intensity of the one color on one axis.

13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the detecting fluroescence step comprises detecting flouroescence intensity of the one color from one or more of the compartments.

14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the compartments are droplets and the partitioning step comprises flowing a first fluid and a second fluid into a microfluidic droplet generator, wherein the first fluid comprises the sample and the second fluid comprises an oil immiscible with the sample.

15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein two channels intersect at an intersection within the droplet generator, wherein the first fluid and the second fluid converge at the intersection and form the droplets.

16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first probe and the second probe are labeled with the one color.

Assignments (2)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Apr 19, 2022
From: LARSON, JONATHAN WILLIAM; ZHONG, QUN; LINK, DARREN ROY
To: RAINDANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Reel/Frame 059634/0017 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Apr 19, 2022
From: RAINDANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
To: BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC.
Reel/Frame 059634/0034 →
Continuity (9)
Continuation 15688250 · Aug 28, 2017
Continuation 15019355 · Feb 9, 2016
Continuation 13773868 · Feb 22, 2013
Continuation 13026120 · Feb 11, 2011
Provisional Application 61388937 · Oct 1, 2010
Provisional Application 61347158 · May 21, 2010
Provisional Application 61331490 · May 5, 2010
Provisional Application 61304163 · Feb 12, 2010
Related Publication 20220213530A1 · Jul 7, 2022
References Cited (400)
US 2097692A · Fiegel · 1937 [cited by applicant]
US 2164172A · Dalton · 1939 [cited by applicant]
US 2636855A · Schwartz · 1953 [cited by applicant]
US 2656508A · Coulter · 1953 [cited by applicant]
US 2692800A · Nichols et al. · 1954 [cited by applicant]
US 2797149A · Skeggs · 1957 [cited by applicant]
US 2879141A · Skeggs · 1959 [cited by applicant]
US 2971700A · Peeps · 1961 [cited by applicant]
US 3479141A · Smythe et al. · 1969 [cited by applicant]
US 3608821A · Simm et al. · 1971 [cited by applicant]
US 3621059A · Bartlett · 1971 [cited by applicant]
US 3698635A · Sickles · 1972 [cited by applicant]
US 3784471A · Kaiser · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3816331A · Brown, Jr. et al. · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3828085A · Price et al. · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3930061A · Scharfenberger · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3960187A · Stock et al. · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 3980541A · Aine · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 3982541A · L'Esperance, Jr. · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 4014469A · Sato · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4022575A · Hansen et al. · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4034966A · Suh et al. · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4059552A · Zweigle et al. · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4091042A · Alexanderson et al. · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US 4117550A · Folland et al. · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US 4130394A · Negersmith · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US 4210809A · Pelavin · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US 4253846A · Smythe et al. · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4266721A · Sickles · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4279345A · Allred · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4297345A · Howarth · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4315754A · Ruzicka et al. · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4378957A · Malkin et al. · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4383767A · Jido · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4439980A · Biblarz et al. · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4508265A · Jido · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4533634A · Maldonado et al. · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4566908A · Nakatani et al. · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4585209A · Aine et al. · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4618476A · Columbus · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4675285A · Clark et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4676274A · Brown · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4683195A · Mullis et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4683202A · Mullis · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4739044A · Stabinsky · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4757141A · Fung et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4767515A · Scott et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4767929A · Valentine · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4779805A · Jackson et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4795330A · Noakes et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4801086A · Noakes · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4801529A · Perlman · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4829996A · Noakes et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4853336A · Saros et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4856363A · LaRocca et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4859363A · Davis et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4865444A · Green et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4883750A · Whiteley et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4908112A · Pace · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4931225A · Cheng · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4941959A · Scott · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4962885A · Coffee · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4963498A · Hillman et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4981580A · Auer · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 4996004A · Bucheler et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5055390A · Weaver et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5091652A · Mathies et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5096615A · Prescott et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5104813A · Besemer et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5122360A · Harris et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5149625A · Church et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5180662A · Sitkovsky · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5185099A · Delpuech et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5188290A · Gebauer et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5188291A · Cross · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5192659A · Simons · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5204112A · Hope et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5207973A · Harris et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5241159A · Chatteriee et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5260466A · McGibbon · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5262027A · Scott · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5270163A · Gold et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5296375A · Kricka et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5304487A · Wilding et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5310653A · Hanausek-Walaszek et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5313009A · Guenkel et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5333675A · Mullis et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5344489A · Matijevic et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5344594A · Sheridon · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5354670A · Nickoloff et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5376252A · Ekstrom et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5378957A · Kelly · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5397605A · Barbieri et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5399461A · Van et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5399491A · Kacian et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5403617A · Haaland · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5413924A · Kosak et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5417235A · Wise et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5427946A · Kricka et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5445934A · Fodor et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5452878A · Gravesen et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5452955A · Lundstrom · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5454472A · Benecke et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5460945A · Springer et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5468613A · Erlich et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5475096A · Gold et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5475610A · Atwood et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5480614A · Kamahori · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5486335A · Wilding et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5498392A · Wilding et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5498523A · Tabor et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5500415A · Dollat et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5503851A · Mank et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5512131A · Kumar et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5516635A · Ekins et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5518709A · Sutton et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5523162A · Franz et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5587128A · Wilding et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5589136A · Northrup et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5602756A · Atwood et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5604097A · Brenner · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5610016A · Sato et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5612188A · Shuler et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5616478A · Chetverin et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5617997A · Kobayashi et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5635358A · Wilding et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5636400A · Young · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5641658A · Adams et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5643729A · Taniguchi et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5655517A · Coffee · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5656155A · Norcross et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5656493A · Mullis et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5661222A · Hare · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5662874A · David · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5670325A · Lapidus et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5681600A · Antinone et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5695934A · Brenner · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5726026A · Wilding et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5726404A · Brody · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5733526A · Trevino et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5739036A · Parris · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5744366A · Kricka et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5750988A · Apffel et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5762775A · DePaoli · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5779868A · Parce et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5783431A · Peterson et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5789206A · Tavtigian et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5813988A · Alfano et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5830633A · Matsumoto · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5830663A · Embleton et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5840506A · Giordano · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5846719A · Brenner et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5849491A · Radomski et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5851769A · Gray et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5858187A · Ramsey et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5858655A · Arnold · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5858670A · Lam et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5863722A · Brenner · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5868322A · Loucks · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5872010A · Karger et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5876771A · Sizer et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5880071A · Parce et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5882680A · Suzuki et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5882856A · Shuber · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5884846A · Tan · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5887755A · Hood, III · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5888746A · Tabiti et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5888778A · Shuber · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5904933A · Riess et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5921678A · Desai et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5927852A · Serafin · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5928870A · Lapidus et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5932100A · Yager et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5935331A · Naka et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5942056A · Singh · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5942443A · Parce et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5958203A · Parce et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5972187A · Parce et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5980936A · Krafft et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5989815A · Skolnick et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5989892A · Nishimaki et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5995341A · Tanaka et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5997636A · Gamarnik et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6008003A · Haak-Frendscho et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6023540A · Walt et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6028066A · Unger · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6042709A · Parce et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6045755A · Lebl et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6046056A · Parce et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6048551A · Hilfinger et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6048690A · Heller et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6068199A · Coffee · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6074879A · Zelmanovic et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6080295A · Parce et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6081612A · Gutkowicz-Krusin et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6086740A · Kennedy · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6096495A · Kasai et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6103537A · Ullman et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6105571A · Coffee · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6105877A · Coffee · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6107059A · Hart · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6116516A · Ganan-Calvo · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6118849A · Tanimori et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6119953A · Ganan-Calvo et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6120666A · Jacobson et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6124388A · Takai et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6124439A · Friedman et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6130052A · Van Baren et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6130098A · Handique et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6137214A · Raina · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6138077A · Brenner · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6139303A · Reed et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6140053A · Koster · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6143496A · Brown et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6146828A · Lapidus et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6149789A · Benecke et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6150180A · Parce et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6150516A · Brenner et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6155710A · Nakajima et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6162421A · Ordino et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6165778A · Kedar · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6171796B1 · An et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6171850B1 · Nagle et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6172214B1 · Brenner · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6172218B1 · Brenner · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6174160B1 · Lee et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6174469B1 · Gañan-Calvo · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6177479B1 · Nakajima · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6180372B1 · Franzen · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6184012B1 · Neri et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6187214B1 · Ganan-Calvo · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6189803B1 · Ganan-Calvo · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6196525B1 · Ganan-Calvo · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6197335B1 · Sherman · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6197835B1 · Ganan-Calvo · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6203993B1 · Shuber et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6207372B1 · Shuber · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6207397B1 · Lynch et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6208749B1 · Gutkowicz-Krusin et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6210396B1 · MacDonald et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6210891B1 · Nyren et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6210896B1 · Chan · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6214558B1 · Shuber et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6221654B1 · Quake et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6227466B1 · Hartman et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6234402B1 · Ganan-Calvo · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6235383B1 · Hong et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6235475B1 · Brenner et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6241159B1 · Ganan-Calvo et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6243373B1 · Turock · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6248378B1 · Ganan-Calvo · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6251661B1 · Urabe et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6252129B1 · Coffee · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6258568B1 · Nyren · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6258858B1 · Nakajima et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6261661B1 · Ohno et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6261797B1 · Sorge et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6263222B1 · Diab et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6266459B1 · Walt et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6267353B1 · Friedline et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6267858B1 · Parce et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6268152B1 · Fodor et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6268165B1 · O'Brien · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6268222B1 · Chandler et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6274320B1 · Rothberg et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6274337B1 · Parce et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6280948B1 · Guilfoyle et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6292756B1 · Lievois et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6294344B1 · O'Brien · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6296020B1 · McNeely et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6296673B1 · Santarsiero et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6299145B1 · Ganan-Calvo · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6301055B1 · Legrand et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6306659B1 · Parce et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6307957B1 · Gutkowicz-Krusin et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6309842B1 · Dower et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6310354B1 · Hanninen et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6310653B1 · Malcolm, Jr. et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6316208B1 · Roberts et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6316213B1 · O'Brien · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6318640B1 · Coffee · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6323040B1 · Raz et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6324417B1 · Cotton · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6326145B1 · Whitcombe et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6336463B1 · Ohta · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6344325B1 · Quake et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6352828B1 · Brenner · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6355193B1 · Stott · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6355198B1 · Kim et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6357670B2 · Ganan-Calvo · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6386463B1 · Ganan-Calvo · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6391559B1 · Brown et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6394429B2 · Ganan-Calvo · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6399339B1 · Wolberg et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6399389B1 · Parce et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6403373B1 · Scanlan et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6405936B1 · Ganan-Calvo · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6408878B2 · Unger et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6409832B2 · Weigl et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6428053B1 · Tai et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6429025B1 · Parce et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6429148B1 · Chu et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6432143B2 · Kubiak et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6432148B1 · Ganan-Calvo · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6432630B1 · Blankenstein · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6439103B1 · Miller · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6440706B1 · Vogelstein et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6440760B1 · Cho et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6450139B1 · Watanabe · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6450189B1 · Ganan-Calvo · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6454193B1 · Busick et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6464336B1 · Sharma · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6464886B2 · Ganan-Calvo · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6469094B1 · Keoshkerian et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6475441B1 · Parce et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6481648B1 · Zimmermann · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6489103B1 · Griffiths et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6503933B1 · Moloney et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6506609B1 · Wada et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6508988B1 · Van Dam et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6511803B1 · Church et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6520425B1 · Reneker · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6524456B1 · Ramsey et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6530944B2 · West et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6540395B2 · Muhlbauer et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6540895B1 · Spence et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6551836B1 · Chow et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6553944B1 · Allen et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6553960B1 · Yoshikawa et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6554202B2 · Ganan-Calvo · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6557334B2 · Jager · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6557834B2 · Ganan-Calvo · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6558944B1 · Parce et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6558960B1 · Parce et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6560030B2 · Legrand et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6565010B2 · Anderson et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6569631B1 · Pantoliano et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6576420B1 · Carson et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6591852B1 · McNeely et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6592321B2 · Bonker et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6592821B1 · Nada et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6601613B2 · McNeely et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6608726B2 · Legrand et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6610499B1 · Fulwyler et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6614598B1 · Quake et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6627603B1 · Bibette et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6630006B2 · Santarsiero et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6630353B1 · Parce et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6632619B1 · Harrison et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6632800B1 · Russell et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6637463B1 · Lei et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6638749B1 · Beckman et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6645432B1 · Anderson et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6646253B1 · Rohwer et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6653626B2 · Fischer et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6656267B2 · Newman · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6659370B1 · Inoue · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6660252B2 · Matathia et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6670142B2 · Lau et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6679441B1 · Borra et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6680178B2 · Harris et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6682890B2 · Mack et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6717136B2 · Andersson et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6729561B2 · Hirae et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6738502B1 · Coleman et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6739036B2 · Koike et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6744046B2 · Valaskovic et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6752922B2 · Huang et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6753147B2 · Vogelstein et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6766817B2 · da Silva · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6767194B2 · Jeon et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6767704B2 · Waldman et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6790328B2 · Jacobson et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6793753B2 · Unger et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6797056B2 · David · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6800849B2 · Staats · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6806058B2 · Jesperson et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6808382B2 · Lanfranchi · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6808882B2 · Griffiths et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6814980B2 · Levy et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6818395B1 · Quake et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6832787B1 · Renzi · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6833242B2 · Quake et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6841350B2 · Ogden et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6844377B1 · Auweter et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6872250B2 · David et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6890487B1 · Sklar et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6897018B1 · Yuan et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6905844B2 · Kim · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6918404B2 · Dias da Silva · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6926313B1 · Renzi · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6935768B2 · Lowe et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6936417B2 · Omtoft · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6942978B1 · O'Brien · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6949342B2 · Golub et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6960437B2 · Enzelberger et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6964847B1 · Englert · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6974667B2 · Horne et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6998232B1 · Feinstein et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7022472B2 · Robbins et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]