Opioid for use to reduce and/or treat drug addiction
The present invention relates to a method of treating drug addiction and reducing dependence or tolerance on a dependence-inducing opiate drug, wherein the method comprises administering to a subject a compound having the structure of formula (I): having the IUPAC name of (−)3-((S)-((2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)(3-thienyl)methyl)phenol, or pharmaceutically acceptable esters or salts thereof, wherein the compound has activity on the mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors thereby providing added analgesia with an improved therapeutic index and reduced risk of respiratory depression.
1. A method to overcome tolerance of an opioid or an opioid like compound, the method comprising administering a compound having the structure of formula (I):
having the IUPAC name of (−)3-((S)-((2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)(3-thienyl)methyl)phenol, or pharmaceutically acceptable esters or salts thereof.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the opioid or opioid like compound is selected from the group of morphine, fentanyl, cocaine, heroin, opium, amphetamine, and methamphetamine.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the opioid or opioid like compound is selected from the group of codeine, thebaine, dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, nicomorphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, alphamethylfentanyl, alfentanil, sufentanil, remifentanil, carfentanyl, ohmefentanyl, nocaine, pethidine (meperidine), ketobemidone, MPPP, allylprodine, prodine, PEPAP, propoxyphene, dextropropoxyphene, dextromoramide, bezitramide, piritramide, methadone, dipipanone, levo-alphacetylmethadol (LAAM), loperamide, diphenoxylate, pentazocine, phenazocine, buprenorphine, etorphine, butorphanol, nalbuphine, levorphanol, levomethorphan, dezocine, lefetamine, tilidine, tramadol, propoxyphene, or oxycodone.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound having the structure of formula (I) is administered in a dose of from 0.01 microgram (μg) to 50 milligrams (mg) per kilogram body weight of the recipient.
5. A method to reduce or attenuate negative withdrawal symptoms caused by withdrawal from an opioid or an opioid like compound, the method comprising administering a compound having the structure of formula (I):
having the IUPAC name of (−)3-((S)-((2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)(3-thienyl)methyl)phenol, or pharmaceutically acceptable esters or salts thereof.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the negative withdrawal symptoms comprise sweating, racing heart, palpitations, muscle tension, tightness in the chest, difficulty breathing, tremor, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, grand mal seizures, heart attacks, strokes, hallucinations and/or delirium tremens (DTs).
7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the opioid or opioid like compound is selected from the group of morphine, fentanyl, cocaine, heroin, opium, amphetamine, and methamphetamine.
8. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the opioid or opioid like compound is selected from the group of codeine, thebaine, dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, nicomorphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, alphamethylfentanyl, alfentanil, sufentanil, remifentanil, carfentanyl, ohmefentanyl, nocaine, pethidine (meperidine), ketobemidone, MPPP, allylprodine, prodine, PEPAP, propoxyphene, dextropropoxyphene, dextromoramide, bezitramide, piritramide, methadone, dipipanone, levo-alphacetylmethadol (LAAM), loperamide, diphenoxylate, pentazocine, phenazocine, buprenorphine, etorphine, butorphanol, nalbuphine, levorphanol, levomethorphan, dezocine, lefetamine, tilidine, tramadol, propoxyphene, or oxycodone.
9. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the compound having the structure of formula (I) is administered in a dose of from 0.01 microgram (μg) to 50 milligrams (mg) per kilogram body weight of the recipient.