Lateral-flow assay device having flow constrictions
A lateral-flow assay device includes a substrate having a sample addition zone and a wash addition zone downstream thereof along a fluid flow path through which a sample flows. The fluid flow path is configured to receive a wash fluid in the wash addition zone. A hydrophilic surface is arranged in the wash addition zone. Flow constriction(s) are spaced apart from the fluid flow path and arranged to define, with the hydrophilic surface, a reservoir configured to retain the wash fluid by formation of a meniscus between the hydrophilic surface and the flow constriction(s). The fluid flow path draws the wash fluid from the reservoir by capillary pressure. Apparatus for analyzing a fluidic sample and methods of displacing a fluidic sample in a fluid flow path of an assay device are also described.
1. An apparatus for analyzing a fluidic sample, the apparatus comprising:
a) at least one assay device including a sample addition zone and a wash addition zone disposed along a fluid flow path;
b) a sample-metering mechanism configured to selectively apply the fluidic sample to the sample addition zone;
c) a wash-metering mechanism configured to selectively apply a wash fluid to the wash addition zone, wherein the wash addition zone includes one or more flow constriction(s) comprising at least one groove spaced apart from and forming a substantially arcuate path disposed substantially around a portion of the fluid flow path to form a meniscus in the applied wash fluid;
d) at least one measurement device; and
e) a controller configured to operate each of the sample-metering mechanism, the wash-metering mechanism, and the at least one measurement device in accordance with a predetermined timing protocol in order to determine at least one characteristic of the applied fluidic sample, wherein the controller operates the wash-metering mechanism after operating the sample-metering mechanism.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fluid flow path draws applied wash fluid out of a reservoir defined at least partly by the meniscus.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more flow constriction(s) includes at least one groove.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more flow constriction(s) is disposed substantially about a centerline of the fluid flow path leaving the wash addition zone.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more flow constriction(s) includes a plurality of grooves arranged about a centerline of the fluid flow path leaving the wash addition zone.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one assay device includes a hydrophilic surface, and wherein the hydrophilic surface includes the one or more flow constriction(s).
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more flow constriction(s) includes at least one protrusion.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the at least one protrusion protrudes from a cover of the at least one assay device.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one assay device includes a wash port for application of the wash fluid to the wash addition zone, the one or more flow constriction(s) formed around the wash port.