DC-DC converter having two resonant circuits and method for control and operation of a DC-DC converter
A resonant DC-DC converter may include an input for inputting a DC supply voltage, an output for providing a DC voltage to a load, an output rectifier to convert the converter voltage into a DC voltage, a resonant half-bridge inverter comprising two switches in series with a first serial resonant circuit to adjust the output current of the converter, and a second serial resonant circuit to block DC current in the converter and provide current continuity within the converter. The resonance of the first serial resonant circuit is measured after every start of the converter and each measurement defines the switching frequency of the half-bridge inverter. The switches of the half-bridge inverter wherein the driving of the half-bridge inverter includes a key gap during operation thereof. The resonance frequency of the second serial resonant circuit is at least slightly above the switching frequency of the half-bridge inverter.
1. A resonant DC-DC converter device comprising:
an input for inputting a DC supply voltage;
an output configured to provide a DC output voltage and an output current to a load;
an output rectifier consisting of rectifier diodes configured to convert a converter voltage into the DC output voltage;
a resonant half-bridge inverter comprising two switches in series configured to convert the DC supply voltage into the converter voltage;
a first serial resonant circuit configured to adjust the output current; and
a second serial resonant circuit configured to block a DC current flow in the converter and provide current continuity within the converter;
wherein a resonance of the first serial resonant circuit is measured after every start-up of the converter and each measurement defines a switching frequency of the half-bridge inverter; wherein the driving of the half-bridge inverter includes a key gap during operation thereof;
wherein the resonance frequency of the second serial resonant circuit is above the switching frequency of the half-bridge inverter.
2. The resonant DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the load comprises or consists of one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs).
3. The resonant DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising an output filter.
4. The resonant DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the switching frequency of the half-bridge inverter is fixed once the resonant DC-DC converter has started up.
5. The resonant DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the resonant DC-DC converter is a SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) converter.
6. The resonant DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the output rectifier is a voltage doubling Villard rectifier or Greinacher rectifier.
7. The resonant DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein an inductance of the first serial resonant circuit is equal to an inductance of the second serial resonant circuit.
8. The resonant DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the inductance of the first serial resonant circuit and the inductance of the second serial resonant circuit are loosely coupled.
9. The resonant DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 8 , wherein a coupling factor of the inductance of the first serial resonant circuit and the inductance of the second serial resonant circuit is below 0.5.
10. The resonant DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 7 , wherein a capacitance of the second serial resonant circuit is less than a capacitance of the first serial resonant circuit.
11. The resonant DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first resonance circuit and/or the second resonance circuit comprises one or more capacitors; wherein none of the one or more capacitors is switched in parallel to one of the switches of the resonant half-bridge inverter.
12. The resonant DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first resonance circuit and/or the second resonance circuit comprises one or more capacitors; wherein none of the one or more capacitors is switched in parallel to one of the rectifier diodes.
13. The resonant DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the output current is adjusted via dimensioning of the first serial resonant circuit based on an occurring minimum of the DC supply voltage.
14. The resonant DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the first serial resonant circuit and the second serial resonant circuit are configured to be dimensioned independently from each other, such that the output current occurs independently from an output voltage when the load is connected.
15. The resonant DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 14 , further comprising a power output that is adjustable by driving the two switches of the resonant half-bridge inverter with a pulse width modulation (PWM) having a pre-defined duty cycle within the inverter.
16. A control method for the resonant DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the control method comprises:
providing a static control curve based on a duty cycle and the output current,
providing a pre-defined minimum occurring supply voltage,
measuring a real-time supply voltage related to said minimum occurring supply voltage,
determining a deviation factor between the pre-defined minimum occurring supply voltage and the measured real-time supply voltage, and
performing a real-time multiplication of the static control curve and said deviation factor to obtain a dynamic control curve;
driving the two inverter switches based on the dynamic control curve.
17. The control method as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the static control curve comprises:
a maximum at a symmetrical driving point where the duty cycle is 0.5;
zeros at two points where the duty cycle is 0 and 1; and
the static control curve is symmetrically arranged around the axis defined by said maximum.
18. The control method as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the static control curve is formed by a second-order parabola being open downwards.
19. The control method as claimed in claim 17 , further comprising:
determining a level to cut the dynamic control curve based on the maximum of the static control curve;
determining two possible points at the cut of the dynamic control curve; and
asymmetrically driving the half bridge inverter to provide an adjusted output current to the load.
20. The control method as claimed in claim 19 , further comprising:
determining two new duty cycle points by moving the two possible points from a maximum level downwards; and
asymmetrically driving the half bridge inverter to provide an output current to the load where the output current is less than the adjusted output current for the load.