Method of geoengineering to reduce solar radiation
A method to facilitate the reduction of solar radiation impacting Earth proposes the use of a plurality of porous particles that are introduced into Earth's stratosphere at an average distance of at least 10 kilometers above sea level. Each porous particle has a continuous polymeric phase composed of an organic polymer, and discrete pores dispersed within the continuous polymeric phase. Each porous particle has a mode particle size of 2-20 μm; a coefficient of variance (CV) of no more than 20% compared to the mode particle size; and a porosity of 20%-75%. The discrete pores have an average pore size “d” (nm) that is defined by 0.3≤d/λ≤0.8 wherein λ is 400-3,000 nm. Each of the discrete pores of the porous particles is filled with air and optionally a pore stabilizing hydrocolloid that is disposed at the interface of the discrete pore and the continuous polymeric phase.
1. A method of geoengineering to facilitate the reduction of solar radiation impacting Earth's surface, comprises:
introducing a plurality of porous polymeric particles into Earth's stratosphere at an average distance of at least 10 kilometers above sea level,
wherein each of the plurality of porous particles comprises a continuous polymeric phase composed of one or more organic polymers, and discrete pores dispersed within the continuous polymeric phase, and
each of the plurality of porous particles has the following properties:
a mode particle size is a number within the range of at least 2 μm and up to and including 20 μm, wherein the mode particle size represents the most frequently occurring diameter for spherical particles and the most frequently occurring largest chord length for any non-spherical particles in a particle size distribution histogram for the plurality of porous particles;
a coefficient of variance of the particle size of no more than 20% compared to the mode particle size; and
a porosity of at least 20% and up to and including 75%; and
the discrete pores have an average pore size d (in nanometers) that is defined using the equation: 0.3≤d/λ≤0.8 wherein λ is at least 400 nm and up to and including 3,000 nm; and
wherein each of the discrete pores is filled with air.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of porous particles comprises a continuous polymeric phase composed of one or more cellulosic polymers.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of porous particles comprises a continuous polymeric phase composed of a cellulosic polymer derived at least in part from cellulose acetate butyrate.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of porous particles has a mode particle size that is a number within the range of at least 2 μm and up to and including 15 μm.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of porous particles has a mode particle size that is a number within the range of at least 4 μm and up to and including 12 μm.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of porous particles has a coefficient of variance of the particle size of no more than 15% compared to the mode particle size.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of porous particles has a coefficient of variance of the particle size of no more than 10% compared to the mode particle size.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of porous particles has an aspect ratio of at less than 0.8.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of porous particles further comprises one or more colorants.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the one or more colorants absorb radiation having a wavelength of at least 800 nm and up to and including 2500 nm of the electromagnetic spectrum.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of porous particles comprise fine inorganic particles on the outer surfaces thereof, which fine inorganic particles have hydrophobic groups covalently bonded primarily on portions of surfaces of the fine inorganic particles positioned away from the porous particle surfaces.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the discrete pores of the plurality of porous particles further contain a pore stabilizing hydrocolloid that is disposed at the interface of the discrete pores and the continuous polymeric phase.