Yttrium aluminum garnet powder and processes for synthesizing same
A process of synthesizing a yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) powder. The process comprises introducing powders of yttria and silica to form a powder mixture, wherein alumina is not added to the powder mixture. Milling the powder mixture in the presence of an alumina grinding media and a solvent forms a powder slurry. Processing the powder slurry forms a green compact. Calcining the green compact at a temperature of from 1100° C. to 1650° C. for greater than 8 hours in air to 50% or less theoretical density forms a YAG compact of at least 92 wt % Y 3 Al 5 O 12 . Milling the YAG compact, without a grinding media, and drying produces the YAG powder. Processes further include introducing a dopant to the powder mixture to produce doped YAG powder.
1. A process of synthesizing a yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) powder, the process comprising:
introducing yttria and silica powders to form a powder mixture, wherein alumina is not added to the powder mixture; and
ball milling the powder mixture in the presence of an alumina grinding media and a solvent to form a powder slurry;
processing the powder slurry to form a green compact;
calcining, at a temperature of from 1100° C. to 1650° C. for greater than 8 hours, the green compact in air to 50% or less theoretical density to form a yttrium aluminum garnet compact of at least 92 wt % Y 3 Al 5 O 12 ; and,
milling the yttrium aluminum garnet compact, without a grinding media, and then drying to produce the yttrium aluminum garnet powder.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein processing includes spray drying the powder slurry to form a spray dried powder and compacting the spray dried powder to 35% or less theoretical density to form a green compact.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein calcining is performed at a temperature of from 1450° C. to 1550° C. for a time of from 8 hours to 16 hours.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the yttrium aluminum garnet powder is sinterable to greater than 96% theoretical density.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alumina grinding media has a purity from 95.0 to 99.8% Al 2 O 3 , and wherein the composition after ball milling includes stoichiometric 3Y 2 O 3 :5Al 2 O 3 and less than 3 wt % additional Al 2 O 3 .
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the additional Al 2 O 3 includes an eroded portion of the alumina grinding media.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein milling the yttrium aluminum garnet compact includes autogenous crushing of yttrium aluminum garnet compact material upon itself to produce the yttrium aluminum garnet powder having an average particle size distribution of less than 100 μm.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein introducing powders further includes a dopant comprising a lanthanide or transitional metal, wherein the lanthanide or transitional metal is in the form of a compound.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the compound is an oxide, a hydrate, a nitrate, a chloride, or combinations thereof.
10. The process of claim 8 , wherein the lanthanide or transitional metal is ionized to +3 and has an ionic radius equal to or less than 0.114 nm.
11. The process of claim 8 , wherein the lanthanide or transitional metal comprises scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, or combinations thereof.
12. The process of claim 8 , wherein the lanthanide or transitional metal is scandium, zinc, or cerium.
13. The process of claim 8 , wherein the compound is ceria (CeO 2 ), cerium (III) chloride heptahydrate (CeCl 3 ·7H 2 O), or cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O).
14. The process of claim 8 , wherein the dopant is from 10 ppm to 6 wt % based upon the total weight of the powder mixture.
15. The process of claim 8 , wherein the dopant is from 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % ceria based upon the total weight of the powder mixture.
16. The process of claim 11 , wherein the dopant is less than 3 wt % ceria based upon the total weight of the powder mixture.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein the yttria powder has of purity 2N or higher.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the silica is from 0.1 wt % to 0.3 wt % based upon the total weight of the powder mixture.
19. A process of synthesizing a doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) powder, the process comprising:
introducing powders of yttria, silica, and at least one dopant formed of an oxide, a hydrate, a nitrate, or a chloride of a lanthanide or transitional metal and mixing to form a powder mixture, wherein alumina is not added to the powder mixture; and
ball milling the powder mixture in the presence of an alumina grinding media and a solvent to form a powder slurry;
processing the powder slurry to form a green compact;
calcining, at a temperature of from 1100° C. to 1650° C. for greater than 8 hours, the green compact in air to 50% or less theoretical density to form a yttrium aluminum garnet compact of at least 92 wt % Y 3 Al 5 O 12 ; and,
milling the yttrium aluminum garnet compact, without a grinding media, and then drying to produce the doped yttrium aluminum garnet powder.