Polyamide compositions
Provided herein are polyamide compositions having a combination of specific physical properties that enable the molding of articles comprising at least one annular connector or barb of specific dimensions for attachment of hoses to the article. Further provided are processes to prepare these compositions and articles prepared from the compositions.
1. A polyamide composition comprising:
(a) 45 to 65 weight percent of a semi-aromatic copolyamide comprising:
(i) about 54 to about 62 mole percent hexamethylene terephthalamide repeat units;
(ii) about 12 to about 29 mole percent hexamethylene isophthalamide repeat units; and
(iii) about 9 to about 26 mole percent caprolactam repeat units;
wherein the mole percentages are based on the total number of moles of repeat units in the semi-aromatic copolyamide, and wherein the sum of (i), (ii), and (iii) totals 100 mole percent;
(b) 20 to 50 weight percent of a reinforcing agent;
(c) 0.1 to 3.0 weight percent of at least one heat stabilizer;
(d) 0 to 2.0 weight percent of at least one lubricant;
(e) 0 to 2.0 weight percent of at least one nucleant;
(f) 0 to 10 weight percent of at least one impact modifier;
(g) 0 to 8 weight percent of at least one amorphous copolyamide; and
(h) 0 to 25 weight percent of one or more additional additives,
wherein said polyamide composition exhibits a Tg of at least 100° C. when measured according to ASTM E1356-08 (2014), and when molded into test samples, exhibits a strain recovery of at least 85 percent measured at 150° C., a mold shrinkage of 0.6 percent or less when measured as an average of the flow and transverse direction according to ISO 294-4, and wherein the weight percentages of (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), and (h) are based on the total weight of the polyamide composition, and where the sum of the weight percentages of (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), and (h) totals 100 weight percent.
2. The polyamide composition of claim 1 , wherein said reinforcing agent comprises one or more reinforcing agents selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, flat glass fibers, carbon fibers, and glass flakes.
3. The polyamide composition of claim 1 , wherein said heat stabilizer is a copper-based heat stabilizer.
4. The polyamide composition of claim 3 , wherein said copper-based heat stabilizer comprises one or more copper salts, said copper salts selected from the group consisting of Cu (I) salts and Cu (II) salts.
5. The polyamide composition of claim 1 , wherein said lubricant is an external lubricant.
6. The polyamide composition of claim 1 , wherein said impact modifier is present in the polyamide composition.
7. The polyamide composition of claim 6 , wherein said impact modifier comprises one or more impact modifiers selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride grafted ethylene/α-olefin copolymers, ethylene (meth)acrylic acid copolymers, metal neutralized maleic anhydride grafted ethylene/α-olefin polymers, and co-grafted impact modifiers.
8. The polyamide composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyamide composition comprises 53.25 to 65 weight percent of the semi-aromatic copolyamide and 0 weight percent of the amorphous copolyamide, and said semi-aromatic copolyamide comprises:
(i) about 54 to about 62 mole percent hexamethylene terephthalamide repeat units;
(ii) about 22 to about 29 mole percent hexamethylene isophthalamide repeat units; and
about 9 to about 18.2 mole percent caprolactam repeat units;
wherein the mole percentages are based on the total number of moles of repeat units in the semi-aromatic copolyamide, and wherein the sum of the mole percentages of the repeat units (i), (ii), and (iii) totals 100 mole percent.
9. The polyamide composition of claim 1 , wherein said amorphous copolyamide is present.
10. The polyamide composition of claim 9 , wherein said amorphous copolyamide is a 6I/6T copolyamide having a molar ratio ranging from about 60/40 to 80/20 of 6I to 6T repeat units, based on the total number of moles of repeat units in the amorphous polyamide.
11. An article comprising the polyamide composition of claim 1 .
12. The article of claim 11 , comprising at least one annular connector.
13. The article of claim 12 that is selected from the group consisting of water inlet or outlet housings, thermostat housings, and water pump housings.
14. The article of claim 12 , having a self-stripping barb diameter that is at least 1 percent greater than that of a second article prepared from an otherwise-identical polyamide composition, said second article being formed in an identical mold by a process identical to that by which the article was produced, wherein said otherwise-identical polyamide composition does not comprise the semi-aromatic copolyamide and wherein said otherwise-identical polyamide composition comprises a second polyamide or copolyamide that is different from the semi-aromatic copolyamide.
15. The article of claim 14 , which, when viewed with the unaided human eye, does not exhibit visible surface cracks.
16. The article of claim 11 , wherein the polyamide composition comprises at least one amorphous polyamide, and which has an average mold shrinkage of 0.7% or less.
17. The article of claim 11 , which has a strain recovery of 86% or more.
18. The article of claim 12 , having a barb diameter which is at least 93 percent of the tooled barb diameter of the mold used to form the article.
19. The polyamide composition of claim 1 , wherein the semi-aromatic copolyamide comprises from about 54 to 59 mole percent hexamethylene terephthalamide repeat units.
20. The polyamide composition of claim 1 , wherein the semi-aromatic copolyamide comprises from 18 to about 26 mole percent caprolactam repeat units.
21. The polyamide composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyamide composition comprises 45 to 59.7 weight percent of the semi-aromatic copolyamide.