Layered catalytic article and method of manufacturing the catalytic article
The presently claimed invention provides a layered catalytic article and an exhaust system. The catalytic article comprises a first layer comprising platinum, a first platinum group metal component other than platinum, a ceria-alumina composite, and an oxygen storage component; wherein platinum is supported on the ceria-alumina component; the platinum group metal component is selected from palladium, rhodium or a combination thereof and the platinum group metal component is supported on the oxygen storage component; a second layer comprising a second platinum group metal component; and a refractory alumina component, an oxygen storage component or a combination thereof; wherein the second platinum group component is selected from platinum, palladium, rhodium or a combination thereof; and a substrate, wherein the amount of platinum is 10 to 80 wt. %, based on the total weight of platinum, palladium and rhodium. The presently claimed invention also provides a process for the preparation of a layered catalytic article and use of the catalytic article and the exhaust system for purifying a gaseous exhaust stream comprising hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides.
1. A layered catalytic article comprising:
a) a first layer comprising platinum, a first platinum group metal component other than platinum, a ceria-alumina component, and an oxygen storage component that is different from the ceria-alumina component; wherein platinum and the first platinum group metal component are separately supported on different supports, platinum is supported on the ceria-alumina component; the first platinum group metal component is chosen from palladium, rhodium and a combination thereof, and the first platinum group metal component is supported on the oxygen storage component,
b) a second layer comprising a second platinum group metal component; and a refractory alumina component, an oxygen storage component or a combination thereof; wherein the second platinum group component is chosen from platinum, palladium, rhodium, and a combination thereof, and
c) a substrate,
wherein the amount of platinum ranges from 20 wt. % to 50 wt. %, based on the total weight of platinum, palladium and rhodium.
2. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of platinum in the first layer ranges from 50 wt. % to 100 wt. %, based on the total weight of platinum in the catalytic article.
3. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the first layer is deposited on the substrate as a bottom layer, the first layer comprises platinum supported on the ceria-alumina component, and palladium supported on ceria-alumina and an oxygen storage component; and the second layer is deposited on the first layer as a top layer, the second layer comprises rhodium supported on the ceria-alumina component, refractory alumina component, oxygen storage component or any combination thereof and optionally, palladium supported on an oxygen storage component.
4. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the second layer is deposited on the substrate as a bottom layer, the second layer comprises palladium supported on the oxygen storage component, refractory alumina component or a combination thereof; and the first layer is deposited on the second layer as a top layer, the first layer comprises rhodium supported on the oxygen storage component and platinum supported on a ceria-alumina component.
5. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the correlation coefficient between platinum and aluminum in the first layer is greater than 70% measured by EPMA line scan analysis.
6. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the ceria-alumina component comprises ceria-alumina, ceria-yttrium-alumina, ceria-silica-alumina, ceria-tin-alumina, ceria-manganese alumina, ceria-iron-alumina, ceria-nickel-alumina, ceria-iridium-alumina, ceria-ruthenium-alumina, ceria-indium-alumina, or ceria-titania.
7. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the ceria content of the ceria-alumina component ranges from 1.0 wt. % to 75.0 wt. %, based on the total weight the ceria-alumina component.
8. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the ceria content of the ceria-alumina component ranges from 5.0 wt. % to 50.0 wt. %, based on the total weight the ceria-alumina component.
9. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the ceria content of the ceria-alumina component ranges from 5.0 wt. % to 30.0 wt. %, based on the total weight the ceria-alumina component.
10. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of platinum in the first layer ranges from 0.02 wt. % to 4.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the catalytic article.
11. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of palladium in the catalytic article ranges from 0.02 wt. % to 4.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the catalytic article.
12. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of rhodium in the catalytic article ranges from 0.02 wt. % to 4.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the catalytic article.
13. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen storage component comprises ceria, zirconia, and a rare earth metal oxide chosen from lanthana, yttria, neodymia, praseodimia, gadolinia, and any combination thereof.
14. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen storage component comprises ceria in an amount ranging from 5.0 wt. % to 50.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the oxygen storage component.
15. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the refractory alumina component comprises alumina, and optionally a dopant chosen from lanthana, ceria, titania, zirconia, hafnia, magnesia, calcia, strontia, baria, and any combination thereof.
16. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the second layer is essentially free of platinum.
17. The layered catalytic article according to claim 16 , wherein the amount of platinum in the second layer is less than 0.001 wt. %, based on the total weight of palladium and rhodium present in the second layer.
18. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the first layer, the second layer or both further comprises barium oxide, strontium oxide, lanthanum oxide or any combination thereof.
19. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is chosen from a ceramic substrate, a metal substrate, a ceramic foam substrate, a polymer foam substrate, and a woven fibre substrate.
20. The layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the platinum is thermally or chemically fixed on the ceria-alumina component.
21. A process for the preparation of a layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the process comprises preparing a first layer slurry; depositing the first layer slurry on a substrate to obtain a bottom layer; preparing a second layer slurry; and depositing the second layer slurry on the bottom layer to obtain a top layer followed by calcination at a temperature ranging from 400° C. to 700° C., wherein the step of preparing the bottom coat slurry or top coat slurry comprises a technique chosen from incipient wetness impregnation, incipient wetness co-impregnation, and post-addition.
22. A process for the preparation of a layered catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the process comprises preparing a first layer slurry; preparing a second layer slurry; depositing the second layer slurry on a substrate to obtain a bottom layer; and depositing the first layer slurry on the bottom layer to obtain a top layer followed by calcination at a temperature ranging from 400° C. to 700° C., wherein the step of preparing the first layer slurry or second layer slurry comprises a technique chosen from incipient wetness impregnation, incipient wetness co-impregnation, and post-addition.
23. An exhaust system for internal combustion engines, the system comprises the layered catalytic article according to claim 1 .
24. The exhaust system according to claim 23 , wherein the system comprises a platinum group metal based three-way conversion catalytic article and the layered catalytic article, wherein the platinum group metal based three-way conversion catalytic article is positioned downstream from an internal combustion engine and the layered catalytic article is positioned downstream in fluid communication with the platinum group metal based three-way conversion catalytic article.
25. The exhaust system according to claim 23 , wherein the system comprises a platinum group metal based three-way conversion catalytic article and the layered catalytic article, wherein the layered catalytic article is positioned downstream from an internal combustion engine and the platinum group metal based three-way conversion catalytic article is positioned downstream in fluid communication with the three-way conversion catalytic article.
26. A method of treating a gaseous exhaust stream comprising hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, the method comprising contacting the exhaust stream with the layered catalytic article according to claim 1 .
27. A method of reducing hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides levels in a gaseous exhaust stream, the method comprising contacting the gaseous exhaust stream with the layered catalytic article according to claim 1 to reduce the levels of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas.