Catalyst preparation method
A method is described for preparing an eggshell catalyst comprising the steps of: (i) preparing a calcined shaped alkaline earth metal aluminate catalyst support, (ii) treating the calcined shaped alkaline earth metal aluminate support with a gas containing water vapour to form a hydrated support, (iii) with or without an intervening drying step, impregnating the hydrated support with an acidic solution containing one or more catalytic metal compounds and drying the impregnated support, (iv) calcining the dried impregnated support, to form a calcined catalyst having a catalytic metal oxide concentrated at the surface of the support and (v) optionally repeating steps (ii), (iii) and (iv).
1. A method for preparing an eggshell catalyst comprising the steps of: (i) preparing a calcined shaped alkaline earth metal aluminate catalyst support, (ii) treating the calcined shaped alkaline earth metal aluminate catalyst support with a gas containing water vapor to form a hydrated support, (iii) with or without an intervening drying step, impregnating the hydrated support with an acidic solution containing one or more catalytic metal compounds and drying the impregnated support, (iv) calcining the dried impregnated support, to form a calcined catalyst having a catalytic metal oxide concentrated at the surface of the support and (v) optionally repeating steps (ii), (iii) and (iv).
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the alkaline earth metal aluminate is selected from calcium aluminate, magnesium aluminate and mixtures thereof.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the calcined shaped alkaline earth metal aluminate catalyst support is prepared by forming a calcium aluminate cement powder and/or a magnesium aluminate powder, optionally with additional alumina and/or lime, into a shape and subsequently calcining the shape.
4. The method according to claim 3 wherein the calcined shaped alkaline earth metal aluminate catalyst support is alkalised by impregnation with a solution of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal prior to a final calcination step.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the calcined shaped alkaline earth metal aluminate catalyst support is in the form of a cylindrical pellet having between 1 and 12 holes extending there-though and optionally between 2 and 20 flutes or lobes.
6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the gas containing water vapour is air.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the gas containing water vapour has an absolute humidity in the range of 45 to 300 g/m 3 .
8. The method according to claim 7 wherein the absolute humidity is in the range of 75 to 300 g/m 3 .
9. The method according to claim 8 wherein the absolute humidity is in the range of 100 to 300 g/m 3 .
10. The method according to claim 8 wherein the absolute humidity is in the range of 150 to 300 g/m 3 .
11. The method according to claim 8 wherein the absolute humidity is in the range of 200 to 300 g/m 3 .
12. The method according to claim 1 wherein the treatment of the calcined shaped alkaline earth metal aluminate catalyst support with the gas containing water vapour is performed at a temperature in the range of 40 to 99° C.
13. The method according to claim 1 wherein the gas containing water vapour has a relative humidity in the range of 60 to 100%.
14. The method according to claim 1 wherein the acidic solution containing one or more catalytic metal compounds comprises one or more transition metals.
15. The method according to claim 1 wherein the metal concentration in the acidic solution containing one or more catalytic metal compounds is in the range 100-300 g metal/litre.
16. The method according to claim 1 wherein the metal impregnation step (iii) is performed at a temperature in the range 40-90° C.
17. The method according to claim 1 wherein the calcined catalyst has a catalytic metal oxide content in the range of from 1 to 25% by weight.
18. The method according to claim 1 wherein one or more promoter compounds are impregnated into the hydrated support, the dried impregnated support and/or the calcined catalyst.
19. The method according to claim 1 wherein the calcination of the dried impregnated support to form the calcined catalyst is performed at a temperature in the range of 250-850° C.
20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic metal oxide is a reducible metal oxide, further comprising the step of reducing at least a portion of the catalytic metal oxide to elemental form with a hydrogen-containing gas mixture to form a reduced catalyst.
21. The method according to claim 20 further comprising a step of passivating the reduced catalyst, containing metal in elemental form with an oxygen-containing gas.
22. The method according to claim 1 wherein the acidic solution containing one or more catalytic metal compounds comprises one or more of chromium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, iron, copper or zinc.
23. The method according to claim 1 wherein the acidic solution containing one or more catalytic metal compounds comprises one or more of nickel, cobalt, iron or copper.
24. The method according to claim 1 wherein the acidic solution containing one or more catalytic metal compounds comprises nickel.