METHODS FOR PREPARING CANNABINOIDS BY BASE-PROMOTED DOUBLE-BOND MIGRATION
Disclosed is a method for converting a first cannabinoid into a second cannabinoid that is a regioisomer of the first cannabinoid. The method comprising contacting the first cannabinoid with: (i) a base having a pKb that is less than a critical pKb for the first cannabinoid; and (ii) a solvent system comprising a polar solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), triethylamine (TEA), or a combination thereof.
1 .- 18 . (canceled)
19 . A method for converting a first cannabinoid into a second cannabinoid that is a regioisomer of the first cannabinoid, the method comprising contacting the first cannabinoid with a base in a solvent system comprising a polar solvent.
20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the polar solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), triethylamine (TEA), or a combination thereof.
21 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the polar solvent is ethanol.
22 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the base is sodium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-pentoxide, sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium isopropoxide, potassium isopropoxide, n-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium diethylamide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, pyridine, 2,6,-dimethylpyridine, triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, diisopropylamine, diethylamine, 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, sodium amide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, methylmagnesium bromide, methylmagnesium chloride, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, or any combination thereof.
23 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the base is potassium tert-butoxide.
24 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the solvent system further comprises a co-solvent.
25 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the co-solvent is a class III solvent.
26 . The method of claim 24 , wherein co-solvent is heptane, tert-butyl methyl ether, anisole, cumene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, hexane, octane, acetonitrile, cyclohexane, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, or any combination thereof.
27 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the solvent system comprises the polar solvent and the co-solvent at a polar solvent:co-solvent ratio of between about 1:1 and about 1:20.
28 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the first cannabinoid has a concentration of between about 0.1 M and about 1 M with respect to the solvent system.
29 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the base has a reagent loading of between about 1 molar equivalent and about 50 molar equivalents with respect to the first cannabinoid.
30 . A method for converting Δ 1 -cannabidiol (Δ 1 -CBD) into Δ 6 -cannabidiol (Δ 6 -CBD), the method comprising contacting the Δ 1 -CBD with a base in a solvent system comprising a polar solvent.
31 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the solvent system further comprises a co-solvent.
32 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the solvent system comprises dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and heptane.
33 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the base is sodium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-pentoxide, sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium isopropoxide, potassium isopropoxide, n-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium diethylamide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, pyridine, 2,6,-dimethylpyridine, triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, diisopropylamine, diethylamine, 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, sodium amide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, methylmagnesium bromide, methylmagnesium chloride, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, or any combination thereof.
34 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the base is potassium tert-butoxide.
35 . A method for converting Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC) into Δ 10 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 10 -THC), the method comprising contacting the Δ 9 -THC with a base in a solvent system comprising a polar solvent.
36 . The method of claim 35 , wherein the polar solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), triethylamine (TEA), or a combination thereof.
37 . The method of claim 35 , wherein the polar solvent is ethanol.
38 . The method of claim 35 , wherein the solvent system further comprises a co-solvent.
39 . The method of claim 38 , wherein co-solvent is heptane, tert-butyl methyl ether, anisole, cumene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, hexane, octane, acetonitrile, cyclohexane, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, or any combination thereof.
40 . The method of claim 35 , wherein the base is sodium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-pentoxide, sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium isopropoxide, potassium isopropoxide, n-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium diethylamide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, pyridine, 2,6,-dimethylpyridine, triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, diisopropylamine, diethylamine, 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, sodium amide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, methylmagnesium bromide, methylmagnesium chloride, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, or any combination thereof.
41 . The method of claim 35 , wherein the base is potassium tert-butoxide.