Faster switching electrochromic devices
Electrochromic device ( 550 ) having at least one multi-layer conductor ( 560,580 ) with a metal layer ( 564,584 ) between a first transparent conductive oxide layer ( 562,566,582,586 ) and a second transparent conductive oxide layer ( 562,566,582,586 ) and optionally having one or more tuning layers adjacent the metal layer.
1. An electrochromic device, comprising:
a first conductor and a second conductor, wherein at least one of the first and second conductors is a multi-layer conductor comprising a metal layer and at least one color-tuning layer sandwiched between a first transparent conductive oxide layer and a second transparent conductive oxide layer; and
a solid state and inorganic electrochromic stack between the first and second conductors adjacent a substrate.
2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising one or more additional metal layers, wherein each of the one or more additional metal layers is sandwiched between the first transparent conductive oxide layer and the second transparent conductive oxide layer.
3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising a diffusion barrier disposed on the substrate.
4. The electrochromic device of claim 3 , wherein the diffusion barrier is a sodium diffusion barrier.
5. The electrochromic device of claim 3 , wherein the diffusion barrier includes a tri-layer stack comprising a SiO 2 layer, a SnO 2 layer, and a SiO x layer.
6. The electrochromic device of claim 5 , wherein the SiO 2 layer has a thickness of between 20 nm and 30 nm, the SnO 2 layer has a thickness of between 20 nm and 30 nm, and the SiO x layer has a thickness of between 2 nm and 10 nm.
7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one color-tuning layer lies adjacent the metal layer.
8. The electrochromic device of claim 7 , wherein the metal layer is transparent by virtue of being adjacent to the at least one color-tuning layer.
9. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the first transparent conductive oxide layer and the second transparent conductive oxide layer each have a thickness of less than 200 nm.
10. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the first transparent conductive oxide layer and the second transparent conductive oxide layer each have a thickness between 20 nm and 50 nm.
11. The electrochromic device of claim 10 , wherein the metal layer has a thickness of less than 20 nm.
12. The electrochromic device of claim 3 , wherein the diffusion barrier has a thickness of less than 100 nm.
13. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein an overall sheet resistance of the first and second conductors is less than 5 2/u or less than 2 2/u.
14. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein a sheet resistance of the first and second conductors varies by (i) less than 20% or less than 10%.
15. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising a defect mitigating insulating layer disposed between the second transparent conductive oxide layer of the multi-layer conductor and the solid state and inorganic electrochromic stack.
16. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the at least one color-tuning layer is configured to tune color of light transmitted through the electrochromic device in a bleached state.
17. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one color-tuning layer is a high-index, low-loss dielectric material of opposing susceptibility to the metal layer.
18. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one color-tuning layer comprises a silicon oxide, a tin oxide, or an indium tin oxide.
19. An electrochromic device, comprising:
a first conductor and a second conductor, wherein at least one of the first and second conductors is a multi-layer conductor comprising a metal layer and at least one color-tuning layer sandwiched between a first transparent conductive oxide layer and a defect mitigating insulating layer; and
a solid state and inorganic electrochromic stack between the first and second conductors adjacent a substrate.
20. The electrochromic device of claim 19 , further comprising one or more additional metal layers sandwiched between the first transparent conductive oxide layer and the defect mitigating insulating layer.
21. The electrochromic device of claim 20 , further comprising a diffusion barrier disposed on the substrate.
22. The electrochromic device of claim 21 , wherein the diffusion barrier is a sodium diffusion barrier.
23. The electrochromic device of claim 21 , wherein the diffusion barrier includes a stack comprising a SiO 2 layer, a SnO 2 layer, and a SiO x layer.
24. The electrochromic device of claim 23 , wherein the SiO 2 layer has a thickness of between 20 nm and 30 nm, the SnO 2 layer has a thickness of between 20 nm and 30 nm, and the SiO x layer has a thickness of between 2 nm and 10 nm.
25. The electrochromic device of claim 17 , wherein the at least one color-tuning layer lies adjacent the metal layer.
26. The electrochromic device of claim 25 , wherein the metal layer is transparent by virtue of being adjacent to the at least one color-tuning layer.
27. The electrochromic device of claim 19 , wherein the first transparent conductive oxide layer has a thickness of less than 200 nm.
28. The electrochromic device of claim 19 , wherein the first transparent conductive oxide layer has a thickness between 20 nm and 50 nm.
29. The electrochromic device of claim 28 , wherein the metal layer has a thickness of less than 20 nm.