Variable diffusion carburizing method
A method of carburizing a powder metal part involving more than one carburizing step. In a pre-forging carburizing step, a powder metal part that is less than fully dense is carburized to establish a pre-forging carburization profile. After the pre-forging carburizing step, the powder metal part is forged so that the powder metal part is increased in density and the pre-forging carburization profile is transformed into an as-forged carburization profile. In a post-forging carburizing step following the forging step, the powder metal part is again carburized, thereby resulting in both further diffusion of carbon from the as-forged carburization profile into the powder metal part and further introduction of carbon into the powder metal part at a surface of the powder metal part.
1 . A method of carburizing a powder metal part, the method comprising:
carburizing, in a pre-forging carburizing step, a powder metal part that is less than fully dense to establish a pre-forging carburization profile, wherein a base carbon percentage of the powder metal part is 0.1 to 0.3 weight percent of the powder metal part prior to the pre-forging carburizing step and wherein a percent of carbon in a carburized region of the pre-forging carburization profile is 0.5 to 0.6 weight percent carbon after the pre-forging carburizing step;
forging the powder metal part after the pre-forging carburizing step so that the powder metal part is increased in density and transforming the pre-forging carburization profile into an as-forged carburization profile; and
carburizing, in a post-forging carburizing step, the powder metal part after the forging step thereby resulting in both further diffusion of carbon from the as-forged carburization profile into the powder metal part and further introduction of carbon into the powder metal part at a surface of the powder metal part.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein during the step of forging the powder metal part after the pre-forging carburizing step so that the powder metal part is increased in density, the powder metal part is forged to effective full density for the powder metal part.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein effective full density is above 98% of theoretical full density.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a density of the powder metal part that is less than fully dense before the forging step is less than 95% of theoretical full density.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises sintering the powder metal part and wherein the pre-forging carburizing step occurs during the sintering of the powder metal part.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein a density of the powder metal part prior to sintering is less than 90% of theoretical full density of the powder metal component.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein, a base carbon percentage of the powder metal part is 0.1 to 0.3 weight percent of the powder metal part prior to the pre-forging carburizing step.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein a percent of carbon in a carburized region of the pre-forging carburization profile is 0.5 to 0.6 weight percent carbon after the pre-forging carburizing step.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein, after a post-forging carburizing step, a carbon percentage in a region closest to the surface of the powder metal part is 0.7 to 0.9 weight percent carbon.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein transforming the pre-forging carburization profile into an as-forged carburization profile involves starting from a pre-forging carburization profile having a uniform depth relative to the surface of the powder metal part and forging the powder metal part such that the as-forged carburization profile has a varying depth relative to the surface of the powder metal part.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the powder metal part is ferrous.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the pre-forging carburizing step results in carburization to a greater depth than a comparable powder metal part of similar composition that is fully dense because porosity of the powder metal part prior to the forging step provides non-diffusion based pathways for deeper penetration of carbon into a volume of the powder metal part.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the powder metal part is a gear.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein after the post-forging carburization step, the powder metal part has a final carburization profile and wherein the final carburization profile has a carbon gradient from the surface of the powder metal part into the volume than is more gradual than a gradient from carburization of a full dense part that is carburized as a single step.
15 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising machining the powder metal part between the forging step and the post-forging carburizing step.
16 . A sintered powder metal part made by the method of claim 1 .