Sensor and device for presence detection

1. A presence detection sensor for unlocking an opening panel of a motor vehicle, said sensor comprising:

a microcontroller comprising an analog-digital converter, a first input-output port, a second input-output port forming a voltage reference of said analog-digital converter, a third input-output port for supplying the microcontroller with voltage, a fourth input-output port and a fifth input-output port, called “connection ports”;

a capacitive voltage divider connected between said fourth input-output port and said fifth input-output port and comprising at least one detection capacitor and at least one storage capacitor;

a resistive module connected between the first input-output port and the second input-output port of the microcontroller; and

a capacitive module connected between the second input-output port of the microcontroller and a ground, and the microcontroller is configured to internally connect the first input-output port and the third input-output port during a predetermined charging duration of the capacitive module in order to dynamically establish the reference voltage of the analog-digital converter.

2. The sensor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the resistive module is made up of a single resistor.

3. The sensor as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the value of the resistance is of the order of 500 Ω.

4. The sensor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the capacitive module is made up of a single capacitor.

5. The sensor as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the value of the capacitance is of the order of 220 nF.

6. The sensor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the capacitive voltage divider is of the CVD or DCVD type.

7. A motor vehicle comprising at least one presence detection sensor for unlocking an opening panel of the motor vehicle, the sensor comprising:

a microcontroller comprising an analog-digital converter, a first input-output port, a second input-output port forming a voltage reference of said analog-digital converter, a third input-output port for supplying the microcontroller with voltage, a fourth input-output port and a fifth input-output port, called “connection ports”;

a capacitive voltage divider connected to said connection input-output ports and comprising at least one detection capacitor and at least one storage capacitor; and

a resistive module connected between the first input-output port and the second input-output port of the microcontroller and a capacitive module connected between the second input-output port of the microcontroller and a ground, and the microcontroller is configured to internally connect the first input-output port and the third input-output port during a predetermined charging duration of the capacitive module in order to dynamically establish the reference voltage of the analog-digital converter.

8. A method for detecting a presence of a user in proximity of a presence detection sensor for unlocking an opening panel of a motor vehicle,

said sensor comprising:

a microcontroller comprising an analog-digital converter, a first input-output port, a second input-output port forming a voltage reference of said analog-digital converter, a third input-output port for supplying the microcontroller with voltage, a fourth input-output port and a fifth input-output port, called “connection ports”;

a capacitive voltage divider connected to said connection input-output ports and comprising at least one detection capacitor and at least one storage capacitor; and

a resistive module connected between the first input-output port and the second input-output port of the microcontroller and a capacitive module connected between the second input-output port of the microcontroller and a ground, and in that the microcontroller is configured to internally connect the first input-output port and the third input-output port during a predetermined charging duration of the capacitive module in order to dynamically establish the reference voltage of the analog-digital converter, said method comprising:

an initialization phase, during which the microcontroller firstly charges the capacitive module to the power supply voltage by connecting the first input-output port to the third input-output port during the charging duration, then, once charging is complete, performs a capacitive measurement in order to deduce therefrom an optimal reference voltage and a charging time required to obtain this optimal reference voltage;

a reference acquisition phase, during which the microcontroller controls the capacitive voltage divider so that it performs a series of capacitive measurements at the optimal reference voltage determined during the initialization phase in order to obtain a reference value of the measured capacitive signal; and

a measurement phase, during which the microcontroller controls the capacitive voltage divider at the determined optimal reference voltage and said capacitive voltage divider periodically measures the voltage value at the terminals of the storage capacitor, so as to detect or not detect a human presence in the proximity of the sensor.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein, when the microcontroller detects the saturation of the analog-digital converter during the measurement phase, then the microcontroller repeats the initialization and reference acquisition phases in order to modify the optimal reference voltage and the capacitive signal reference, then resumes the measurement phase.

10. The method as claimed claim 8 , wherein the optimal reference voltage is higher than 10 to 20% at the voltage measured at the terminals of the storage capacitor.

11. The method as claimed claim 9 , wherein the optimal reference voltage is higher than 10 to 20% at the voltage measured at the terminals of the storage capacitor.