Aqueous polymer latex
Aqueous polymer latexes of film-forming copolymers obtainable by aqueous emulsion polymerisation of at least one non-ionic monomer M1; and one or more monoethylenically unsaturated monomers M2; and where the polymer latex contains an emulsifier comprising i. at least one first emulsifier (1), and ii. at least one second emulsifier (2). The present invention also relates to a process for producing such polymer latexes and to the use of these polymer latexes as binders in waterborne coating compositions which contain at least one inorganic tannin blocking compound and to the use of such coating compositions for coating tannin-containing substrates such as wood or wood-based materials.
1. An aqueous polymer latex of a film-forming copolymer obtainable by aqueous emulsion polymerisation of monomers M, which comprise at least 80% by weight, based on the monomers M, of
at least one non-ionic monomer M1, which is selected from C 1 -C 20 -alkyl esters of acrylic acid, C 5 -C 20 -cycloalkyl esters of acrylic acid, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl esters of methacrylic acid, C 5 -C 20 -cycloalkyl esters of methacrylic acid, and monovinyl aromatic monomers; and
one or more monoethylenically unsaturated monomers M2, which are selected from monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 6 carbon atoms;
where the polymer latex contains an emulsifier combination comprising
i. at least one first emulsifier (1), which is selected from salts of sulfated ethoxylated C 8 -C 20 -alkanols having a degree of ethoxylation in the range from 5 to 20 and sulfated ethoxylated tristyrylphenols having a degree of ethoxylation in the range from 5 to 20; and
ii. at least one second emulsifier (2), which is selected from salts of a sulfated ethoxylated C 8 -C 20 -alkanol having a degree of ethoxylation in the range from 21 to 50 and sulfated ethoxylated tristyrylphenols having a degree of ethoxylation in the range from 21 to 50;
wherein the aqueous polymer latex comprises a first phase of a film-forming copolymer, which has a glass transition temperature Tg(1) in the range from −25 to +60° C. and a second phase of a film-forming copolymer, which has a glass transition temperature Tg(2) in the range from +50 to +150° C., provided that the absolute value of |Tg(2)−Tg(1)| is at least 10° C.
2. The aqueous polymer latex of claim 1 , wherein the first emulsifier (1) is selected from the alkali metal salts and ammonium salts of sulfated ethoxylated C 8 -C 20 -alkanols having a degree of ethoxylation in the range from 5 to 20.
3. The aqueous polymer latex of claim 1 , wherein the second emulsifier (2) is selected from the alkali metal salts and ammonium salts of sulfated ethoxylated C 8 -C 20 -alkanols having a degree of ethoxylation in the range from 21 to 50.
4. The aqueous polymer latex of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the first emulsifier (1) to the second emulsifier (2) is in the range from 15:85 to 70:30.
5. The aqueous polymer latex of claim 1 , wherein the total amount of emulsifiers present in the aqueous polymer latex is in the range from 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the film-forming copolymer.
6. The aqueous polymer latex of claim 1 , wherein the first emulsifier and the second emulsifier amount to at least 90% by weight of the total amount of emulsifiers contained in the polymer latex.
7. The aqueous polymer latex of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the copolymer contained in the polymer latex have a Z-average particle diameter in the range from 40 to 500 nm, as determined by quasi-elastic light scattering.
8. The aqueous polymer latex of claim 1 , where the monomers M1 are a mixture of
at least one monomer M1a, selected from C 1 -C 20 -alkyl esters of acrylic acid and C 5 -C 20 -alkyl esters of methacrylic acid; and
at least one monomer M1b, selected from monovinyl aromatic monomers, and C 1 -C 4 -alkyl esters of methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof.
9. The aqueous polymer latex of claim 1 , where the monomers M2 are selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof.
10. The aqueous polymer latex of claim 1 , where the monomers M further comprise at least one monomer M3, which is selected from the group consisting of non-ionic monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which have a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyalkyl groups, a primary carboxamide group, urea groups and keto groups.
11. The aqueous polymer latex of claim 1 , where the monomers M consist of:
85 to 99.95% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers contained in the monomer composition M, of ethylenically unsaturated monomers M1;
0.05 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers contained in the monomer composition M, of one or more monoethylenically unsaturated monomers M2;
0 to 14.95% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers contained in the monomer composition M, of one or more non-ionic monomers M3.
12. The aqueous polymer latex of claim 1 , which is obtainable by aqueous emulsion polymerisation of the monomers M in the presence of the emulsifier combination.
13. A process for producing an aqueous polymer latex of claim 1 , which comprises performing an aqueous emulsion polymerisation of the monomers M in the presence of the emulsifier combination.
14. The process of claim 13 , where the aqueous emulsion polymerization is a multistage aqueous emulsion polymerization, which comprises:
i. a first stage of aqueous emulsion polymerizing a monomer composition M i , which corresponds to a theoretical glass transition temperature Tg t (i) according to Fox in the range from −25 to +60° C. to obtain a first stage polymer latex, and
ii. a second stage of aqueous emulsion polymerizing a monomer composition M ii , in the presence of the first stage polymer latex, where the monomer composition M ii corresponds to a theoretical glass transition temperature Tg t (ii) according to Fox in the range from 50 to 150° C., provided that the temperature difference Tg t (ii)−Tg t (i) is at least +10° C.
15. The process of claim 13 , where the aqueous emulsion polymerization is a multistage aqueous emulsion polymerization, which comprises:
i. a first stage of aqueous emulsion polymerizing a monomer composition M i , which corresponds to a theoretical glass transition temperature Tg t (i) according to Fox in the range from 50 to 150° C. to obtain a first stage polymer latex, and
ii. a second stage of aqueous emulsion polymerizing a monomer composition M ii , in the presence of the first stage polymer latex, where the monomer composition M ii corresponds to a theoretical glass transition temperature Tg t (ii) according to Fox in the range from −25 to +60° C., provided that the temperature difference Tg t (i)−Tg t (ii) is at least +10° C.
16. A waterborne coating composition comprising the aqueous polymer latex of claim 1 , and at least one inorganic tannin blocking compound.
17. The coating composition of claim 16 , where the inorganic tannin blocking compound is selected from the group consisting of oxides, phosphates and phosphosilicates of polyvalent metals, which are selected from zinc, aluminium, zirconium, barium and strontium.
18. The coating composition of claim 16 , where the inorganic tannin blocking compound comprises zinc oxide.
19. The coating composition of claim 16 , which further comprises a titanium dioxide pigment.