Using silica-zirconia catalysts in processes to reduce glycidol, glycidyl esters, or both glycidol and glycidyl esters
Methods of using silica-zirconia catalysts in processes to reduce an amount of glycidol, glycidyl ester(s), or both glycidol and glycidyl ester(s) from a triglyceride-containing composition, such as edible oils, are disclosed. Silica-zirconia catalysts and methods of making silica-zirconia catalysts are also disclosed.
1. A method for reducing an amount of (i) glycidol, (ii) glycidyl ester, or (iii) both glycidol and glycidyl ester within a composition comprising a triglyceride, said method comprising:
contacting the composition comprising a triglyceride with an effective amount of a particulate silica-zirconia catalyst to reduce the amount of (i) glycidol, (ii) glycidyl ester, or (iii) both glycidol and glycidyl ester in the composition, the silica-zirconia catalyst comprising porous silica particles impregnated with zirconia, wherein the porous silica particles comprise silica gel, precipitated silica, or fumed silica particles,
wherein the amount of (i) glycidol, (ii) glycidyl ester, or (iii) both glycidol and glycidyl ester is reduced without affecting other components of the composition comprising the triglyceride, and
wherein the containing step occurs at a temperature and a reaction time sufficient to reduce the amount of glycidol, glycidyl ester, or both glycidol and glycidyl ester in the composition by more than 95%.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silica-zirconia catalyst comprises zirconia located on at least a portion of the surface of the porous silica particles.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silica-zirconia catalyst comprises zirconia located in at least a portion of the pores of the porous silica particles or wherein the silica-zirconia catalyst comprises zirconia located substantially in the pores of the porous silica particles.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silica-zirconia catalyst comprises particles having a median particle size of from about 0.1 micron (μm) to about 10,000 μm.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silica-zirconia catalyst comprises particles having a pore volume of at least 0.01 cubic centimeters/gram (cc/g) as determined by Barrett-JoynerHalenda (BJH) method.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silica-zirconia catalyst comprises particles having a median pore diameter of at least 0.1 nanometers (nm) up to about 1,000 nm as determined by a mercury intrusion test procedure using an Autopore IV 9520 available from Micromeritics Instrument Corp.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silica-zirconia catalyst comprises particles having a BET particle surface area of at least about 10 m 2 /g up to about 2000 m 2 /g, or greater.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silica-zirconia catalyst comprises particles comprising from about 1.0 wt % to about 50.0 wt % of zirconia based on a total weight of the silica-zirconia catalyst.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silica-zirconia catalyst comprises particles formed by: impregnating porous silica particles with a soluble zirconium compound in water; drying the impregnated porous silica particles at about 105° C. for about 2 hours; and calcining the dried impregnated porous silica particles at about 500° C. for about 4 hours.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: mixing the composition comprising the triglyceride and the silica-zirconia catalyst.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: heating the composition comprising the triglyceride and the silica-zirconia catalyst up to a temperature of at least 40.0° C.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said heating step comprises: heating the composition comprising the triglyceride and the silica-zirconia catalyst up to an uppermost temperature; and maintaining the uppermost temperature for at least 10.0 minutes.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said contacting step comprises: mixing the composition comprising the triglyceride and the silica-zirconia catalyst under vacuum.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprising the triglyceride comprises (i) an edible oil, (ii) an organic solvent, or (iii) both an oil and an organic solvent.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprising the triglyceride comprises (i) a triglyceride-based oil, (ii) an organic solvent capable of dissolving triglycerides, or (iii) both a triglyceride-based oil and an organic solvent capable of dissolving triglycerides.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprising the triglyceride comprises soybean oil, palm oil, com oil, canola oil, rapeseed oil, fish oil, algal oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, vegetable oil, plant-derived oil, animal-derived oil, microbial-derived oil, or any combination thereof.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprising the triglyceride further comprises heptane, hexane, toluene, diethyl ether, an alcohol, or any combination thereof.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glycidyl ester within the composition comprising the triglyceride comprises glycidyl oleate.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of silica-zirconia catalyst comprises from about 0.5 wt % to about 10.0 wt % of the silica-zirconia catalyst based on a total weight of the silica zirconia catalyst and the composition comprising the triglyceride.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method reduces the amount of (i) glycidol, (ii) glycidyl ester, or (iii) both glycidol and glycidyl ester to a level of less than 10.0 parts per million (ppm) of (i) glycidol, (ii) glycidyl ester, or (iii) both glycidol and glycidyl ester in the composition comprising the triglyceride.