Cycloalkylurea derivative

1. A compound of formula (1):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof

wherein

R 1 is optionally-substituted C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group, optionally-substituted 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group, optionally-substituted C 3-6 saturated carbocyclyl group, optionally-substituted 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocyclyl group, or cyano;

L 1 is single bond, methylene (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more C 1-4 alky), —NR 8 —, —C(═O)—, —OC(═O)—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, —S—, or oxygen atom;

R 2 is hydrogen atom, hydroxy group, halogen atom, cyano, or optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkyl; or

when L 1 is single bond, R 1 and R 2 may be combined together as a spiro ring to form optionally-substituted C 3-6 saturated carbon ring or optionally-substituted 4- to 10-membered saturated heteroring;

L 2 is a single bond;

R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cyano, —(C═O)NR 5 R 6 , carboxy group, —(C═O)O—R 7 , optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkyl, or optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkoxy, wherein R 3 and R 4 may bind to the same carbon atom if chemically possible; or

when R 3 and R 4 bind to different ring carbon atoms, R 3 and R 4 may be taken together via C 1-6 alkylene to form a fused ring or a bridged ring;

R 5 to R 7 are each independently hydrogen atom, halogen atom, or optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkyl;

R 8 is each independently hydrogen atom or optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkyl;

n is an integer of 2;

Ring G is optionally-substituted C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group, optionally-substituted 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group, optionally-substituted C 3-6 saturated carbocyclyl group, or optionally-substituted 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocyclyl group;

A 1 is oxygen atom or sulfur atom;

A 2 is oxygen atom or —NR 8 —;

A 3 is nitrogen atom; and

the bond accompanied with broken line is each independently single bond or double bond.

2. The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

in R 2 -R 8 , the optional substituent of optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkyl is the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl; and the optional substituent of optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkoxy is the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl;

in R 1 , the optional substituent of optionally-substituted C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group, optionally-substituted 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group, optionally-substituted C 3-6 saturated carbocyclyl group optionally-substituted 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocyclyl group is each independently at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 1-4 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 1-6 alkylamino (the alkyl group of which may be optionally substituted with halogen atom, hydroxy group, or C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), cyano, C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl optionally-substituted with the same or different one or more halogen atoms, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), and 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl); and

in Ring G, the optional substituent of optionally-substituted C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group, optionally-substituted 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group, optionally-substituted C 3-6 saturated carbocyclyl group, and optionally-substituted 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocyclyl group is each independently at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-6 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 1-6 alkylamino (the alkyl group of which may be optionally substituted with halogen atom, hydroxy group, or C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), and C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl); or when there are plural optional substituents, two of them may be taken together via C 1-6 alkylene to form a chemically-possible bicyclic structure selected from a fused ring, a spiro ring, and bridged ring.

3. The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

in R 2 -R 7 , the optional substituent of optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkyl is the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy; and the optional substituent of optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkoxy is the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl;

in R 1 , the optional substituent of optionally-substituted C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group optionally-substituted 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group, optionally-substituted C 3-6 saturated carbocyclyl group, and optionally-substituted 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocyclyl group is each independently at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 1-4 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), cyano, C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl optionally-substituted with the same or different one or more halogen atoms, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), and 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl); and

in Ring G, the optional substituent of optionally-substituted C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group, optionally-substituted 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group, optionally-substituted C 3-6 saturated carbocyclyl group, and optionally-substituted 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocyclyl group is each independently at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-6 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-6 alkylamino (the alkyl group of which may be optionally substituted with halogen atom, hydroxy group, or C 3-7 cycloalkyl), and C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy); or when there are plural optional substituents, two of them may be taken together via C 1-6 alkylene to form a chemically-possible bicyclic structure selected from a fused ring, a spiro ring, and bridged ring.

4. The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R 1 is selected from the following formulae (1a-1) to (1a-4):

wherein

X 1 -X 7 are each independently nitrogen atom or CR a6 ;

Q 1 and Q 2 are oxygen atom, —NR a7 —, or sulfur atom;

R a1 -R a7 are each independently (if there are plural CR a6 , each R a6 is also independently), hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-4 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), cyano, C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group; wherein R a4 and R a5 may bind to the same carbon atom if chemically possible; and when X 1 and X 3 are both CR a6 , the two R a6 may be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are each attached to form 6-membered carbon ring that is fused with the 5-membered ring comprising X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 ; and

q 1 is an integer of 1 or 2.

5. The compound claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Ring G is selected from the following (1b-1) to (1b-14):

wherein

W 1 , W 3 , W 3 , W 6 , W 7 , W 11 , W 12 , W 13 , W 15 , W 16 , W 17 , W 19 , and W 25 are each independently nitrogen atom or CR b4 ;

W 2 , W 4 , W 8 , W 9 , W 10 , W 14 , W 18 , W 20 , W 21 , W 22 , W 23 , and W 24 are NR b5 , oxygen atom, or CR b6 R b7 ;

R b1 -R b7 are each independently (if there are plural CR b4 , each R b4 is also independently), hydrogen atom, —N(R b8 )R b9 , C 1-6 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 3-7 cycloalkyl which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl (said C 1-4 alkyl may be substituted with halogen atom), and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy); wherein R b1 and R b2 may bind to the same carbon atom if chemically possible; or R b1 and R b2 may be taken together via C 1-6 alkylene to form a chemically-possible bicyclic structure selected from a fused ring, a spiro ring, and bridged ring; and

R b8 and R b9 are each independently hydrogen atom, C 1-6 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 3-7 cycloalkyl which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl (said C 1-4 alkyl may be substituted with halogen atom), and 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group), C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl), 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy); or R b8 and R b9 may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form 3- to 7-membered nitrogen-containing saturated heterocycle.

6. The compound of claim 1 of formula (2):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R 1 is selected from the following formulae (1a-1) to (1a-4):

wherein

X 1 -X 7 are each independently nitrogen atom or CR a6 ,

Q 1 and Q 2 are oxygen atom, —NR a7 —, or sulfur atom;

R a1 -R a7 are each independently (if there are plural CR a6 , each R a6 is also independently), hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-4 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 3-6 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), cyano, C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group; wherein R a4 and R a5 may bind to the same carbon atom if chemically possible; and when X 1 and X 3 are both CR a6 , the two R a6 may be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are each attached to form 6-membered carbon ring that is fused with the 5-membered ring comprising X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 ; and

q 1 is an integer of 1 or 2;

L 1 is single bond, —CH 2 —, or oxygen atom;

L 2 is a single bond;

R 2 is hydrogen atom, hydroxy group, halogen atom, cyano, or optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkyl;

R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), or C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl); wherein R 3 and R 4 may bind to the same carbon atom if chemically possible; and when R 3 and R 4 bind to different carbon atoms on the ring, R 3 and R 4 may be taken together via C 1-6 alkylene to form a fused ring or bridged ring;

Ring G is selected from the following (1b-1) to (1b-4):

wherein

W 1 , W 3 , W 5 , W 6 , and W 7 are each independently nitrogen atom or CR b4 ,

W 2 , W 4 , and W 8 are NR b5 , oxygen atom or CR b6 R b7 ;

R b1 -R b7 are each independently (if there are plural CR b4 , each R b4 is also independently), hydrogen atom, C 1-6 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy); wherein R b1 and R b2 may bind to the same carbon atom if chemically possible; or R b1 and R b2 may be taken together via C 1-6 alkylene to form a chemically-possible bicyclic structure selected from a fused ring, a spiro ring, and bridged ring;

A 1 is oxygen atom or sulfur atom;

A 2 is oxygen atom or —NH—; and

A 3 is, nitrogen atom; or carbon atom.

7. The compound of claim 6 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R 1 is selected from the following formulae (1a-1), (1a-2), and (1a-3-1):

wherein

X 1 -X 6 are each independently nitrogen atom or CR a6 ,

Q 1 and Q 2 are oxygen atom, —NR a7 —, or sulfur atom; and

R a1 -R a3 , R a6 , and R a7 are each independently (if there are plural CR a6 , each R a6 is also independently), hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-4 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), cyano, C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group; wherein when X 1 and X 3 are both CR a6 , the two R a6 may be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are each attached to form 6-membered carbon ring that is fused with the 5-membered ring comprising X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 .

8. The compound of claim 6 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Ring G is selected from the following (1b-1), (1b-2), and (1b-4):

wherein

W 1 , W 3 , W 5 , W 6 , and W 7 are each independently nitrogen atom or CR b4 ;

W 2 and W 4 are NR b5 or CR b6 R b7 , and

R b1 , R b2 , and R b4 -R b7 are each independently (if there are plural CR b4 , each R b4 is also independently), hydrogen atom, C 1-6 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy); or R b1 and R b2 may bind to the same carbon atom if chemically possible; or R b1 and R b2 may be taken together via C 1-6 alkylene to form a bridged bicyclic structure.

9. The compound of claim 6 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Ring G is selected from the following (1b-1) and (1b-2):

wherein

W 1 and W 3 are nitrogen atom or CR b4 ,

W 2 and W 4 are NR b5 or CR b6 R b7 , and

R b1 , R b2 , and R b4 -R b7 are each independently hydrogen atom, C 1-6 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy); wherein R b1 and R b2 may bind to the same carbon atom if chemically possible; or R b1 and R b2 may be taken together via C 1-6 alkylene to form a bridged bicyclic structure.

10. The compound of claim 1 of formula (3):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R 1 is the following formula (1a-1), (1a-2), or (1a-3-1):

wherein

X 1 -X 6 are each independently nitrogen atom or CR a6 ;

Q 1 and Q 2 are oxygen atom or sulfur atom;

R a1 -R a3 and R a6 are each independently (if there are plural CR a6 , each R a6 is also independently), hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), cyano, or C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy); wherein when X 1 and X 3 are both CR a6 , the two R a6 may be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are each attached to form 6-membered carbon ring that is fused with the 5-membered ring comprising X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 ;

L 1 is single bond or oxygen atom;

L 2 is a single bond;

R 2 is hydrogen atom, halogen atom, or C 1-4 alkyl which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and hydroxy group;

R 3 and R 4 are each independently halogen atom;

Ring G is the following (1b-1), (1b-2-1), (1b-2-2), or (1b-2-3):

wherein

R b5 is hydrogen atom, or C 1-6 alkyl which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy; and

A 1 is oxygen atom or sulfur atom.

11. The compound of claim 4 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R 1 is formula (1a-2), and

R a1 is hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl).

12. The compound of claim 10 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R 1 is formula (1a-2), and

X 4 and X 5 are both nitrogen atom.

13. The compound of claim 10 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Ring G is formula (1b-1-1), and

R b5 is C 1-4 alkyl which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more halogen atoms.

14. The compound of claim 10 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Ring G is formula (1b-2-1), and

R b5 is hydrogen atom, or C 1-4 alkyl which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy.

15. The compound of any one of claim 1 of formula (4):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R 1 is the following (1a-2-1):

wherein

Q 2 is oxygen atom or sulfur atom;

R a2 is C 3-7 cycloalkyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy) or cycloalkoxy group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy);

R 2 is C 1-4 alkyl;

Ring G is the following (1b-1-1) or (1b-2-1):

wherein

R b5 is C 1-4 alkyl which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy; and

L 2 is single bond.

16. The compound of claim 15 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R a2 is C 3-7 cycloalkyl group which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from halogen atoms, and

R 2 is methyl group.

17. The compound of claim 15 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R a2 is cyclopropyl group which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from halogen atoms, and

R 2 is methyl group.

18. The compound of claim 15 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Ring G is formula (1b-2-1), and

R b5 is isopropyl group.

19. The compound of claim 15 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Ring G is formula (1b-1-1), and

R b5 is isobutyl group.

20. The compound of claim 15 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Q 2 is oxygen atom.

21. The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is selected from the following compound names or structures:

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-N-{(1S,6R)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-{(1S,6R)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[3-(propan-2-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[3-(propan-2-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[3-(propan-2-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methyl-4-{5-[(1S,2R)-2-methylcyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}piperidine-1-carboxamide

N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methyl-4-{5-[(1R,2S)-2-methylcyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}piperidine-1-carboxamide

rac-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carbothioamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carbothioamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-(4-{methyl[(1-methylcyclopropyl)methyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl 4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate

rac-4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-(2-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

rac-4-cyclopentyl-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

rac-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

rac-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide

rac-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-(4-methylphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide

rac-(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl 4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{(3S)-3-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}cyclohexyl]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

rac-4-(2-cyclopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

22. The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is selected from the following compound names or structures:

N-{(1S,6R)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-{5-[(1R,2R)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{(3S)-3-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclobutyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{(3S)-3-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}cyclohexyl]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[(2S)-2-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[(2R)-2-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{(3R)-3-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{4-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-6-{(3S)-3-[cyclopropyl(methyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2,2-difluorocyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{(3S)-3-[methyl (2-methylpropyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-(4-{methyl[(1-methylcyclopropyl)methyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-(4-{[(1-fluorocyclopropyl)methyl](methyl)amino}piperidin-1-yl)cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-6-{(3S)-3-[(cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2,2-difluorocyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-6-{(3S)-3-[(cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2,2-difluorocyclohexyl]-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

rac-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,2R,6S)-2-fluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-N-{(1R,2S,6S)-2-fluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-N-{(1S,2R,6R)-2-fluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-N-{(1R,2S,6S)-2-fluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{4-[methyl (2-methylpropyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-6-{4-[(cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}-2,2-difluorocyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-6-{4-[cyclobutyl(methyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}-2,2-difluorocyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

23. A method for treating narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, hypersomnia, sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy syndrome involving narcolepsy-like symptom, hypersomnia associated with Parkinson's disease, hypersomnia associated with dementia with Lewy body, hypersomnia syndrome involving daytime hypersomnia, sleep disturbance, sleep problem, jet lag, jet lag syndrome, sleep disorder of shift workers, or disease associated with circadian rhythm, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.

24. A method for treating narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy syndrome involving narcolepsy-like symptom, or hypersomnia syndrome involving daytime hypersomnia, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.

25. The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which is 4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide, having the structure:

26. The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which is N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

27. The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which is N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methyl-4-{5-[(1R,2S)-2-methylcyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}piperidine-1-carboxamide