Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Assays and methods for detecting resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics including detection of multiple β-lactamase family specific gene targets by polymerase chain reaction or microarray. One or more kits including primers and/or probes for identification of β-lactamase genes selected from the group consisting of one or more of the following: MOX-like, FOX-like, ACC-like, ACT/MIR-like, CMY-2-like, DHA-like, CTX-M-14-like, CTX-M-15-like, VIM-like, NDM-like, IMP-like, KPC-like, and OXA-48-like, OXA-51-like, OXA-143-like, OXA-58-like, OXA-23-like, OXA-24/40-like, TEM-like, SHV-like, and GES-like. A kit may also include one or more primers and/or probes for the identification a non-beta lactamase gene family which confers antibiotic resistance, such as the MCR-1 gene.
1 . A kit comprising one or more primers and/or one or more probes for the identification of one or more genes associated with antibiotic resistance, wherein the genes are:
(A) Imipenem-resistant carbapenemase (IMP), wherein the primers are SEQ ID NO: 296-299 and the probes are SEQ ID NO: 354-356;
(B) Mobilized colistin resistance (MCR), wherein the primers are SEQ ID NO: 305-306, 308-309, and 311-312, and the probes are SEQ ID NO: 357-361;
(C) Temoniera (TEM), wherein the primers are SEQ ID NO: 314-315;
(D) Sulfhydral reagents variable (SHV), wherein the primers are SEQ ID NO: 316-317, and the probe is SEQ ID NO: 362;
(E) Guiana extended-spectrum β-lactamase (GES), wherein the primers are SEQ ID NO: 319-320, and the probe is SEQ ID NO: 363;
(F) Oxacillinase-type β-lactamase (OXA), wherein the primers are SEQ ID NO: 322-323, 328-329, 331-332, 334-335, and 337-338, and the probes are SEQ ID NO: 364-369,
or a combination thereof.
2 . The kit of claim 1 , wherein (A) comprises each of the primers having sequences as set out in SEQ ID NO: 296-299 and each of the probes having sequences as set out in SEQ ID NO: 354-356.
3 . The kit of claim 1 , wherein the kit comprises (A) and further comprises:
(i) primers having SEQ ID NOs: 67-68, 70-71, 73-74, 76-77, 79-80, 89-90, 92-93, 95-96, and 98-99; and
(ii) probes having SEQ ID NOs: 69, 72, 75, 78, 81, 87-88, 91, 94, 97, and 100.
4 . The kit of claim 3 , further comprising (iii) control sequences having SEQ ID NOs: 261-267 and 269-271.
5 . The kit of claim 1 (A), wherein one or more probes comprises a label.
6 . (canceled)
7 . The kit of claim 5 , wherein:
SEQ ID NO: 354, as labeled, is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 300;
SEQ ID NO: 355, as labeled, is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 301; and
SEQ ID NO: 356, as labeled, is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 302.
8 . The kit of claim 1 , wherein (B) comprises each of the primers having sequences as set out in SEQ ID NO: 305-306, 308-309, and 311-312, and each of the probes having sequences as set out in SEQ ID NO: 357-361.
9 . The kit of claim 1 , wherein the kit comprises (B) and further comprises:
(i) primers having SEQ ID NOs: 252, 141, 143, 144, 76, and 77; and
(ii) probe having SEQ ID NO: 340.
10 . The kit of claim 9 , further comprising (iii) control sequences having SEQ ID NOs: 341-345 and 264.
11 . The kit of claim 1 (B), wherein one or more probes comprises a label.
12 . (canceled)
13 . The kit of claim 11 , wherein:
SEQ ID NO: 357, as labeled, is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 303;
SEQ ID NO: 358, as labeled, is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 304;
SEQ ID NO: 359, as labeled, is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 307;
SEQ ID NO: 360, as labeled, is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 310; and
SEQ ID NO: 361, as labeled, is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 313.
14 . The kit of claim 1 , wherein:
(C) comprises each of the primers having sequences as set out in SEQ ID NO: 314-315;
(D) comprises each of the primers having sequences as set out in SEQ ID NO: 316-317, and probe having a sequence as set out in SEQ ID NO: 362; and
(E) comprises each of the primers having sequences as set out in SEQ ID NO: 319-320, and probe having a sequence as set out in SEQ ID NO: 363.
15 . The kit of claim 1 , wherein the kit comprises (C), (D), and (E), and further comprises:
(i) primers having SEQ ID NOs: 76 and 77; and
(ii) probes having SEQ ID NOs: 148 and 340.
16 . The kit of claim 15 , further comprising (iii) control sequences having SEQ ID NOs: 346-348, and 264.
17 . The kit of claim 16 , wherein one or more probes comprises a label.
18 . (canceled)
19 . The kit of claim 17 , wherein:
SEQ ID NO: 362, as labeled, is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 318; and
SEQ ID NO: 363, as labeled, is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 321.
20 . The kit of claim 1 , wherein (F) comprises each of the primers having sequences set out in SEQ ID NO: 322-323, 328-329, 331-332, 334-335, and 337-338, and each of the probes having sequences as set out in SEQ ID NO: 364-369.
21 . The kit of claim 1 , wherein the kit comprises (F) and further comprises:
(i) primers having SEQ ID NOs: 79-80 and 76-77; and
(ii) probes having SEQ ID NOs: 370 and 340.
22 . The kit of claim 21 , further comprising (iii) control sequences having SEQ ID NOs: 58, 349-353, and 264.
23 . The kit of claim 1 (F), wherein one or more probes comprises a label.
24 . (canceled)
25 . The kit of claim 23 , wherein:
SEQ ID NO: 364, as labeled, is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 324;
SEQ ID NO: 365, as labeled, is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 330;
SEQ ID NO: 366, as labeled, is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 333;
SEQ ID NO: 367, as labeled, is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 336;
SEQ ID NO: 368, as labeled, is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 339; and
SEQ ID NO: 369, as labeled, is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 340.
26 . A method of detecting one or more genes associated with antibiotic resistance comprising:
(a) amplifying at least a portion of a target nucleic acid from a biological sample using the kit of claim 1 to produce an amplified target nucleic acid; and
(b) analyzing the amplified target nucleic acid to detect the one or more genes associated with antibiotic resistance.
27 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the amplifying is performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
28 . (canceled)
29 . (canceled)
30 . (canceled)
31 . (canceled)
32 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the analyzing is performed by fluorescence and/or infra-red probe-based detection chemistries.
33 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the biological sample is blood, a blood culture, urine, plasma, feces, a fecal swab, a peri-rectal/peri-anal swab, sputum, and/or a bacterial culture.
34 . (canceled)
35 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the one or more genes associated with antibiotic resistance comprise IMP, MCR, TEM, SHV, GES, and/or OXA.
36 . (canceled)
37 . (canceled)
38 . (canceled)
39 . (canceled)