Process for the decomposition of polyether-polyurethane
View Patent ↗A process is provided, by means of which polyurethanes, which have been formed from polyether polyols and aromatic isocyanates, can be decomposed to polyether polyols and aromatic amines.
1. A process comprising the steps of
a) transurethanizing a polyether polyurethane with at least one low-molecular-weight alcohol having at least 2 hydroxyl groups per molecule and a molecular weight of not more than 500 g/mol, to form polyether polyols and low-molecular-weight urethanes; and
b) enzymatically cleaving the low-molecular-weight urethanes formed in process step a), with liberation of at least one amine and the at least one low-molecular-weight alcohol used in process step a).
2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the isocyanate component of the polyether polyurethane comprises at least one aromatic polyisocyanate.
3. The process as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the aromatic polyisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of tolylene diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl isocyanate, and naphthylene diisocyanate.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the isocyanate component of the polyether polyurethane comprises at least one aliphatic polyisocyanate.
5. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the aliphatic polyisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-diisocyanatobutane, 1,5-diisocyanatopentane, 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, 2-methyl-1,5-diisocyanatopentane, 1,5-diisocyanato-2,2-dimethylpentane, 2,2,4-or 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-diisocyanatohexane, 2,4′-or 4,4′-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane, and 1,10-diisocyanatodecane.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least 50% by weight of the polyol components used to form the polyether polyurethane are constituents of polyether polyols.
7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a proportion of urethane linkages and urea linkages in a total amount of urethane linkages, urea linkages, and thiourethane linkages in the polyether polyurethane is at least 60 mol %.
8. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one low-molecular-weight alcohol has at least 2 hydroxyl groups per molecule.
9. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one low-molecular-weight alcohol has a melting point of not more than 45° C.
10. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one low-molecular-weight alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, methyl glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerol, 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol, butane-1,4-diol, pentane-1,5-diol, hexane-1,6-diol, polyethylene glycol 400, and mixtures of two or more of the abovementioned alcohols.
11. The process as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the at least one low-molecular-weight alcohol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, methyl glycol, triethylene glycol, and mixtures of two or more of the abovementioned alcohols, and is used in a molar ratio of the at least one low-molecular-weight alcohol to the polyether polyurethane such that, at the end of process step a), a phase separate from the at least one low-molecular-weight alcohol is present that contains the liberated polyether polyol.
12. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the low-molecular-weight urethanes are separated from the at least one low-molecular-weight alcohol before carrying out process step b).
13. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one low-molecular-weight alcohol formed in process step b) is reused in process step a).
14. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least part of the at least one low-molecular-weight alcohol liberated in process step b) is reused in process step a).
15. The process as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the proportion of urethane linkages and urea linkages in the total amount of urethane linkages, urea linkages, and thiourethane linkages in the polyether polyurethane is at least 80 mol %.
16. The process as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the proportion of urethane linkages and urea linkages in the total amount of urethane linkages, urea linkages, and thiourethane linkages in the polyether polyurethane is at least 90 mol %.