Synergistic performance of amine blends in shale control
The present disclosure provides water-based well treatment fluids methods of using such fluids in treating subterranean formations to prevent swelling and/or migration of fines. The water-based well treatment fluid contains an aqueous continuous phase and a clay stabilizing agent comprising less than 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the clay stabilizing agent, of an unhindered primary amine and a second amine selected from an alkanolamine, a polyalkylene polyamine, a compound having a formula R 4 —(CH 2 ) d —NH 2 where R 4 is a piperazino group or a morpholino group and d is an integer from 0 to 10, a compound having the formula where h is an integer from about 2 to about 7 and a mixture thereof.
1 . A water-based well treatment fluid for the treatment of a subterranean formation comprising:
(A) an aqueous continuous phase and
(B) a clay stabilizing agent including:
(a) about 0.001% by weight to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the clay stabilizing agent, of an unhindered primary amine, wherein the unhindered primary amine is butoxypropylamine; and
(b) a second amine which is a mixture of polyethyleneamines, wherein the average molecular weight of the mixture of polyethyleneamines is from about 200 to about 500.
2 . The water-based well treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous continuous phase is selected from fresh water.
3 . The water-based well treatment fluid of claim 1 , further comprising a weighting material.
4 . The water-based well treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the clay stabilizing agent includes:
(a) about 0.01% by weight to about 17.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the clay stabilizing agent, of the unhindered primary amine and (b) at least about 82.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the clay stabilizing agent, of the second amine.
5 . The water-based well treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the clay stabilizing agent includes:
(a) about 1% by weight to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the clay stabilizing agent, of the unhindered primary amine and (b) at least about 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the clay stabilizing agent, of the second amine.
6 . A process of making a water-based well treatment fluid comprising admixing a clay stabilizing agent comprising:
(a) about 0.001% by weight to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the clay stabilizing agent, of an unhindered primary amine, wherein the unhindered primary amine is butoxypropylamine; and
(b) a second amine which is a mixture of polyethyleneamines in an aqueous continuous phase, wherein the average molecular weight of the mixture of polyethyleneamines is from about 200 to about 500.
7 . A method of inhibiting the swelling and/or migration of clay subterranean materials encountered during the drilling of a subterranean formation comprising circulating in the subterranean formation the water-based well treatment fluid of claim 1 .
8 . A method of extracting oil from an oil containing subterranean formation comprising providing through a first borehole, a pressurized water-based well treatment fluid of claim 1 and recovering oil from the subterranean formation through a second borehole.