Method and device for producing a multi-material workpiece
In a method for producing a three-dimensional workpiece ( 12 ), a first raw material powder ( 50 ) is applied to a substrate ( 18 ) in order to produce a raw material powder layer consisting of the first raw material powder ( 50 ). The raw material powder layer consisting of the first raw material powder ( 50 ) is selectively irradiated with electromagnetic radiation or particle radiation in order to produce a solidified first workpiece layer portion ( 52 ) from the first raw material powder ( 50 ). Non-solidified first raw material powder ( 50 ) is then removed from the substrate ( 18 ). In the next step, a second raw material powder ( 54 ) is applied to the substrate ( 18 ), in order to produce a raw material powder layer portion consisting of the second raw material powder ( 54 ) adjacent to the first workpiece layer portion ( 52 ), The raw material powder layer portion is selectively irradiated with electromagnetic radiation or particle radiation in order to produce a solidified second workpiece layer portion ( 56 ) from the second raw material powder ( 54 ) adjacent to the first workpiece layer portion ( 52 ). The non-solidified second raw material powder ( 54 ) is heated in order to produce a continuous porous sintered layer portion ( 58 ) from the second raw material powder ( 54 ) adjacent to the first workpiece layer portion ( 52 ) and the second workpiece layer portion ( 56 ).
1. Method for producing a three-dimensional workpiece with the steps:
(i) applying a first raw material powder to a substrate in order to produce a raw material powder layer consisting of the first raw material powder,
(ii) selectively irradiating the raw material powder layer consisting of the first raw material powder with electromagnetic radiation or particle radiation in order to produce a solidified first workpiece layer portion from the first raw material powder,
(iii) removing non-solidified first raw material powder from the substrate,
(iv) applying a second raw material powder to the substrate in order to produce a raw material powder layer portion consisting of the second raw material powder adjacent to the solidified first workpiece layer portion,
(v) selectively irradiating the raw material powder layer portion with electromagnetic radiation or particle radiation in order to produce a solidified second workpiece layer portion from the second raw material powder adjacent to the solidified first workpiece layer portion,
(vi) heating of non-solidified second raw material powder in order to produce a continuous porous sintered layer portion from the second raw material powder adjacent to the second workpiece layer portion,
the steps (i) to (vi) being repeated wherein each of the first raw material powder and the second raw material powder is always applied to a solid base, wherein the solid base initially comprises the substrate and after the repetition of steps (i) to (vi), the solid base comprises the continuous porous sintered layer portion, the solidified first workpiece layer portion and/or the solidified second work-piece layer portion.
2. Method according to claim 1 ,
the steps (i) to (iii) being executed multiple times before carrying out step (iv), wherein with each repetition of steps (i) to (iii) a different first raw material powder is used, and/or
the steps (iv) to (v) being executed multiple times before carrying out step (vi), so that in step (vi) the continuous porous sintered layer portion is produced from several raw material powder layer portions arranged above one another, and/or
in step (iv) only a portion of the non-solidified second raw material powder being heated in order to produce a continuous porous sintered layer portion from the second raw material powder adjacent to the second workpiece layer portion.
3. Method according to claim 1 ,
the material of the second raw material powder having a lower melting temperature and/or a higher thermal conductivity than the material of the first raw material powder.
4. Method according to claim 1 ,
the non-solidified second raw material powder for producing the sintered layer portion being heated to a temperature that is below the melting temperature of the material of the second raw material powder, and/or
the non-solidified second raw material powder for producing the sintered layer portion being heated for a desired time span, and/or
the non-solidified second raw material powder for producing the sintered layer portion being heated by an energy input that is smaller than a melt energy input that would cause heating of the material of the second raw material powder to its melting temperature.
5. Method according to claim 1 ,
wherein:
the sintered layer portion has a porosity of 10 to 20%, a porosity of 10 to 15% and/or
the second workpiece layer portion has a porosity of 0 to 5%, a porosity of 0 to 2% and/or
the sintered layer portion contains powder grains that are bonded to one another in the area of their surfaces.
6. Method according to claim 1 ,
the non-solidified second raw material powder being heated by means of a heating apparatus, which supplies thermal energy to the non-solidified second raw material powder via a surface of the non-solidified second raw material powder that faces away from the substrate and/or a surface of the non-solidified second raw material powder that faces the substrate.
7. Method according to claim 6 ,
the heating apparatus comprising a first heating element, which is arranged above the substrate in a process chamber accommodating the substrate, and/or the heating apparatus comprising a second heating element, which is integrated into the substrate or is arranged below the substrate outside of the process chamber accommodating the substrate.
8. Method according to claim 1 ,
the non-solidified first raw material powder removed from the substrate in step (iii) being reused for the production of a three-dimensional workpiece.
9. Method according to claim 1 ,
the sintered layer portion being separated, on completion of the production process for producing a three-dimensional workpiece, from the three-dimensional workpiece by a separation process, the separation process comprising a singulation process, in particular a blasting process for singulating the sintered layer portion into individual powder grains.
10. Method according to claim 9 ,
the individual powder grains of the sintered layer portion that are produced in the singulation process being reused to produce a three-dimensional workpiece.